Reproduction

what is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

what is fertilisation?

the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo

what is the purpose of a sepal?

protects unopened flower

purpose of petal

brightly coloured in insect-pollinated flowers to attract insects

purpose of anther

produces and releases pollen

purpose of stigma

sticky top of female part of flower which collects pollen grains

purpose of style

tube that connects stigma and ovary

what are the structural adaptations of insect-pollinated flowers?

what are the structural adaptations of wind-pollinated flowers

how does fertilisation occur?

after pollination a pollen tube forms down the style

pollen grain travels down pollen tube

male nucleus is delivered to ovum

pollen nucleus and ovum nucleus fuse together- zygote

describe the process that occur after fertilisation

the ovule develops into a seed

parts of flower surrounding ovule develop into fruit

What are the different methods of seed dispersal?

wind dispersal

animal dispersal

water dispersal

explosive dispersal

what are the conditions needed for germination?

water: activates enzymes for growth

oxygen: necessary for respiration to provide energy

warmth: increase in enzyme activity and improves germination until a certain temperature

describe germination

the embryo plant grows using food reserves from food store

enzymes in seed break down stored starch in seed’s food store into maltose- glucose

glucose used in respiration to release energy for growth of shoot and root

what are seed leaves known as?

cotyledon

how do runners work in natural asexual reproduction?

plants grow side branches (runners) that have small plantlets at their ends

runners are horizontal stems that grow sideways out of parent plant

touch the soil- plantlets will grow roots and new plantlets will grow and become independent from parent

how do cuttings work in artificial asexual reproduction?

gardeners take cuttings from good parent plants

section of parent plant with new bud is cut off

cutting is placed into water until new roots grow

cuttings are planted and grow into adult plants genetically identical

A- Bladder

B- Glands

C- Sperm duct

D- Urethra

E- Penis

F- Testis

G- Foreskin

H- Scrotum