Bony Thorax Flashcards

Flashcards for Bony Thorax - Sternum and Ribs

Bony Thorax

The bony structure that protects the lungs and heart.

Sternum

The flat bone located in the center of the anterior chest wall.

Ribs

Curved bones that protect the thoracic cavity.

12

The number of pairs of ribs in the human body.

Manubrium

The superior portion of the sternum.

Sternal Angle

The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

Body (Corpus/Gladiolus)

The main, elongated part of the sternum.

Xiphoid Process

The small, cartilaginous process at the inferior end of the sternum.

Sternoclavicular Joint

The joint between the sternum and the clavicle.

Clavicle

The bone that articulates with the manubrium at the sternoclavicular joint.

Jugular Notch

A depression on the superior border of the manubrium.

Jugular Notch

Topographic landmark corresponding to the level of T2-T3 vertebrae.

Sternal Angle

Topographic landmark corresponding to the level of T4-T5 vertebrae.

Xiphoid Tip

Topographic landmark corresponding to the level of T9-T10 vertebrae.

Costal Cartilage

Cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum.

Vertebral End

The posterior end of a typical rib.

Head (of rib)

The part of the rib that articulates with the vertebral body.

Neck (of rib)

The constricted area of the rib between the head and the tubercle.

Tubercle (of rib)

A small projection on the posterior surface of the rib, articulating with transverse process of vertebra.

Angle (of rib)

The curved portion of the rib between the tubercle and the body.

Shaft (Body of rib)

The main, long portion of the rib.

Sternal End

The anterior end of a typical rib, connecting to the costal cartilage.

Costal Groove

The groove on the inner surface of the rib, containing blood vessels and nerves.

Costotransverse Joint

Joint where the rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Synovial

Type of joint at the costotransverse joint.

Plane (gliding)

Movement type at the costotransverse joint.

Costovertebral Joint

Joint where the rib articulates with the vertebral body.

Synovial

Type of joint at the costovertebral joint.

Plane (gliding)

Movement type at the costovertebral joint.

RAO Sternum

Anterior oblique position for sternum radiography.

Orthostatic (breathing technique)

Breathing technique used for RAO sternum.

65-75 kVp

kVp range for analog sternum radiography.

70-80 kVp

kVp range for digital sternum radiography.

40 inches (102 cm) SID

Recommended SID for sternum radiography.

15° to 20° RAO

Rotation amount in RAO sternum.

1 inch left of midline, midway between jugular notch and xiphoid process

Central ray location for RAO sternum.

60-72 inches (152-183 cm) SID

SID used for Lateral Sternum radiography

Center of sternum

Central ray location for Lateral Sternum.

PA Sternoclavicular Joints

Projection used for sternoclavicular (SC) joint imaging

T2-T3 (3 inches distal to vertebra prominens)

Central ray location for PA Sternoclavicular Joints.

RAO for Right SC Joint

Anterior oblique position for right sternoclavicular (SC) joint imaging

10° to 15° rotation

Rotation amount in RAO for SC joint.

Level of T2-T3

Central ray location for RAO SC joint.

AP Above Diaphragm

Projection for ribs above the diaphragm.

3-4 inches below jugular notch

Central ray location for AP ribs above the diaphragm.

Expose on inspiration

Breathing instructions for AP ribs above diaphragm.

AP Below Diaphragm

Projection for ribs below the diaphragm.

Midway between xiphoid process and lower ribs

Central ray location for AP ribs below the diaphragm.

Expose on expiration

Breathing instructions for AP ribs below diaphragm.

Posterior or Anterior Oblique

Oblique position type for Ribs Above Diaphragm.

45° oblique

Angle used for oblique Ribs Above Diaphragm

T7 level

Central ray location for oblique Ribs Above Diaphragm

Posterior Oblique

Oblique position performed for ribs below the diaphragm

Indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage

Describes the location where anterior ends of ribs attach

Recumbent

Describes the recommended positioning for ribs below the diaphragm

11th and 12th ribs

Describes the floating ribs

40 years

Describes the age where the xiphoid process becomes ossified

Elongates axillary ribs if rotated away

Describes the effect of spine rotation relative to the area of interest

75-85 kVp

Describes the rib kVp range ABOVE the diaphragm for digital systems

80-90 kVp

Describes the rib kVp range BELOW the diaphragm for digital systems

Inspiration

Describes the general optimal breathing instructions rib images ABOVE the diaphragm

Expiration

Describes the general optimal breathing instructions rib images BELOW the diaphragm

Hemothorax

The term for the condition of blood in the pleural space

Pneumothorax

The term for the condition of air in the pleural space

Removes the scapula from the lung field

Describes the purpose of raising the arms above the head for chest radiographs

To visualize air-fluid levels

Describes the rationale to perform chest radiographs erect when assessing hemothorax or pneumothorax

Recumbent

The term for lying down

Erect

The term for an erect position

Freely moveable

Describes the movement classification of diarthrodial joints

Orthostatic breathing technique

A radiographic procedure in which the patient is intentionally moved, generally while breathing

True ribs

The first seven ribs; they attach to the sternum with costal cartilages

False ribs

The eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs; they attach to the seventh rib with costal cartilage.

Manubrium

The most superior aspect of the sternum. It connects with the clavicles.

Corpus (Body)

The longest part of the sternum, connecting to the manubrium and the xiphoid process

Sternal rib articulation

The location where the costal cartilage connects to the sternum.

Ossification

The process of bone formation

Lateral decubitus

Technical term for lying on one's side

Foramen

General term for an opening or passageway in bone.

LPO

Describes the rotation for elongating left posterior ribs.

Plane Movement

Describes the plane of movement demonstrated by gliding joints

Grid Landscape

Describes the projection when the film cassette is placed lengthwise in the bucky (rather than horizontal)

Cross angle

Rotation describes for trauma RAO stermums when a patient cannot be safely rotated due to a possible fracture

Oblique position

Elongation view of the axillary portion of the ribs

Gladiolus

Another term for the body of the sternum.

Axillary

Relating to the armpit, such as the axiallary portion of the ribs

Horizontal Beam Lateral

The type of position where the beam is directed horizontally

Critique

Term for radiographic images taken one way and evaluated another way

Body habitus

Describes the effect of patient's body habitus for how much rotation is needed during an oblique projection

Lower degree of obliquity, less rotation

For an RAO sternum and a patient with a large barrel chest, this describes how much rotation is needed

Motion

General term describing what type of movement occurs at the gliding joints of the bony thoracic cavity

One side

Term for a unilateral rib study

Both sides

Term for a bilateral rib study

Four

Describes the number of ossification centers in the sternum at birth

Suprasternal notch

Term for the jugular notch

Posterior oblique

Describes when the spine is rotated toward the area of interest

Anterior oblique

Describes when the spine is rotated away from the area of interest

Axillary

Term for the most outer aspect of the lung field

PA erect chest radiograph

Describes what to do when a patient has a hemothorax or a pneumothorax on the left side

Trauma

The term for a traumatic injury

AP Ribs Below Diaphragm

Describes visualization from the 9th through the 12 ribs