Community Health

WHO defines health as

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

each person defines health differently

true

values

ideals that a person feels are important

ex: knowledge, wealth, financial security, marital fidelity, health

belief

concepts a person holds to be true

health is

a limited resource, a right, a personal responsibility

wellness

a full balances integration of all aspects of health (physical, emotional, social, spiritual)

physical health

body organs function normally

social health

feeling accepted and useful

spiritual health

believing that ones life has a purpose

holistic nursing

the sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health

illness

the state of being unhealthy

results when a disease, deterioration, or injury impairs a persons health

morbidity

refers to the number of people affected by a specific disease, disorder, or injury

mortality

number of people who died from a particular disease or condition

Acute illness

sudden and short in duration, can lead to long term problems due to sequelae

sequelae

ill effects that result from permanent or progressive organ damage cause by a disease or its treatment

chronic illness

gradual or long in duration (more than 6 months)

terminal illness

no potential for cute and is eventually fatal

leading causes of death in the US in 2020

1. heart disease

2. cancer

3. covid

4. accidents

5. stroke

6. chronic lower respiratory disease

7. alzheimers

8. diabetes

9. influenze/ pneumonia

10. kidney disease

primary illness

develops independently of any other disease

secondary illness

develops from a preexisting condition

remission

disappearance of S&S associated with a specific disease

exacerbation

reactivation of a disorder

hereditary illness

disorder acquired from the genetic codes of one or both parents

congenital illness

present at birth, result of faulty embryonic development, not genetically predicted

idiopathic illness

illness of unknown cause, treatment is relief of symptoms

primary care

first contact

family practice physcian, family nurse practitioner, physicians assistant

secondary care

additional testing or consultation that primary caregivers refer patients to

tertiary

health services requiring specialist or complex technology, may require patient to travelto specialized facilities for treatment and diagnosis.

extended care

services that meet health care needs when acute hospital care is no longer needed

government funded health care

affordable care act

children health insurance program (CHIP)

medicare

medicaid

health insurance marketplaces

medicare

federal program that finances health care cost of people 65 years and older and certain younger individuals with disabilities or end stage renal disease

medicare

Part A:hospital insurance program that covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facility care, hospice, and some home health care.

Part B: covers drs services, outpatient hospital care, lab tests, durable medical equipment, and other selected service

Part C: Medicare Advantage plans that provide an alternative way to receive Medicare benefits through private insurance companies. Part D: prescription drug coverage.

Part D:drug coverage

medicaid is

state program for low income, supported by funds from federal, state, and local sources

health insurance marketplaces

state organizations that provide a means for individual for employers with small numbers of employees to purchase affordable private health

health maintenance organizations (HMO)

charge preset, fixed, yearly fees in exchange for providing health care for members

members must ask permission for seeking additional treatment

prefer provider organizations (PPO)

control health care costs on the basis of competition

integrated delivery systems service

wellness programs

preventative care

ambulatory care

out pt diagnostic and lab services

emergency care

secondary and tertiary services

rehabilitation

assisted living

psychiatric care

home health services

hospice care

outpatient pharmacies

The nursing team includes

patient and family, nursing assistant, nursing students, LVN, RN, nursing volunteer

functional nursing

A nursing model where tasks are divided among team members, each responsible for specific functions to provide efficient patient care.

case method

nurse manages all the patient care or groups of patients for a designated period of time

team nursing

patients are divided into groups and care is completed together 

team leader organizes care

primary nursing

admitting nurse assumes planning the care and evaluating the process

primary nurse remains responsible until patient is discharge

nurse managed care

a nurse manager plans the nursing care of clients based on their type of case or medical diagnosis

professional nurse evaluates whether predictable outcome are met on a daily basis

continuity of health care

maintenance of health care from one level of health to another and from one agency to another

goal is to avoid causing a patient, healthy or ill, to feel isolated, fragmented, or abandoned

goal is to ensure that the clients care is both continuous and goal directed