UA BOC

ketones

urine stored uncapped at 5C without preservation and retested later will see which result changed?

at 4-7C

A urine specimen comes to the lab 7 hours after it is obtained. it is acceptable for culture only if the specimen has been stored

pH

which test would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temperature for 3 hours before analysis?

centrifuging unmixed specimen

failure to observe RBC casts in a urine specimen can be caused by

nephropathy

microalbumin can be measured by a random urine collection for prediction of

DM

pale urine, high specific gravity

proteus

ammonia odor to urine

WBCs

milky urine from a 24 year old woman would most likely contain

urochrome

gives yellow color of urine

phosphates

urine specimen collected after patient finished lunch was cloudy but showed normal results on reagent strip analysis. most likely cause is

alkaptonuria

metabolic disease in which urine will turn dark brown to black on standing

specific gravity

urine osmolality is related to

concentrate

urine specific gravity is an index of the kidney’s ability to

osmolality

patient urine sample has increased protein and high specific gravity. what would be a more accurate measure of urine concentration?

sodium chloride SG 1.022

to prepare a solution appropriate for QC of the refractometer, a technician should use

dissolved solids

urine’s SG is directly proportional to its

fixed around 1.010

isothenuria is associated with a SG that is usually

1\.010

fluid leaving the glomerulus normally has a SG of

low SG

ADH deficiency

sodium chloride

calibration of refractometers is done by measurng the specific gravity of distilled water and

reagent strip

method of choice for SG measurement following administration of xray contrast dyes

osmolality and SG

urinary parameters measured during course of concentration and dilution tests to assess renal tubular function

refractive index

comparison of light velocity in air to light velocity in solution

bilirubin

reagent strip area impregnated with stabilized, diazotized 2.4-dichloroaniline will yield a positive reaction with

nitrite

will not interfere with reagent strip test for leukocytes

citrate buffer

which reagent running into the pH pad would result in a falsely acidic pH

highly alkaline urine

false positive protein reagent strip

vomiting

2 year old had positive urine ketones. probably from

obstruction

positive bilirubin and decreased urobilinogen

hemolytic jaundice

negative bilirubin and elevated urobilinogen

vitamin c

false negative blood reagent strip

microalbuminuria

dye binding reaction

myoglobin

ammonium sulfate was added to red urine. the urine had a positive test for blood, but no RBCs were seen on microscopic examination. after centrifugation the supernatant fluid is red. the color is caused by

1:6

urine tested with clinitest exhibits and passthrough reaction and is diluted by adding 2 drops of urine to 10 drops water. this is a dilution of

glucose

a positive glucose oxidase and copper reduction test inidcates presence of

lactose

a woman in her ninth month of pregnancy has a urine sugar which is negative with reagent strip but gives a positive reaction with copper reduction method. the sugar most likely responsible for this is

radiographic contrast media

false positive protein with sulfosalicyclic acid test

lower the rheostat

best way to lower light intensity of the microscope

oval fat bodies

RTE cells containing lipids

glitter cells

WBCs in hypotonic urine

ghost cells

RBCs in alkaline, dilute urine

acute interstitial nephritis

testing for eosinophils in urine

Tamm-Horsfall

all casts usually contain

waxy

cast indicative of end stage renal disease

WBC casts

urine constituent differentiating pyelonephritis from cystitis

tubular necrosis

epithelial cell casts

presence of cast matrix

to distinguish between a clump of WBCs and a WBC cast, it is important to observe

RTE cells

in a specimen with a large amount of bilirubin, which would be most noticeably bile-stained

urates

after warming, a cloudy urine clears. this is due to the presence of

cholesterol

birefringent

tyrosine

fine, silky needles

tyrosine

in amber urine with positive bilirubin

calcium carbonate

dumbell shaped crystals

4+ protein

cholesterol crystals will most likely be observed in urine that contains

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

large amount of uric acid crystals in urine from a 6 month old baby

starch

contaminant that is dimpled and will polarize

leukocytes is positive

bacteria are considered significant when

renal glycosuria

a 21 year old woman had glucose in her urine with a normal blood sugar. these findings are most consistent with

nephrotic syndrome

a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia has a large amount of protein in his urine. microscopic analysis yields moderate to many fatty, waxy, granular, and cellular casts. many oval fat bodies are also noted. this is most consistent with

minimal change disease

large amount of protein in urine of a 4 year old girl following recent immunization

acute interstitial nephritis

a specimen with a negative nitrate and positive leukocytes with WBCs, WBC casts, and no bacteria

160mg/dL

normal renal threshold for glucose

oliguria

volume of urine excreted in 24 hours was 500mL. this is

120 ml/min

normal GFR

water, urea, sodium chloride

normal urine contains

large molecular weight proteins

present in serum but not in glomerular filtrate

viral hepatitis

bilirubinemia is associated with

high pH

a patient with renal tubular acidosis would likely excrete a urine with a

ascending loop

impermeable to water

osmolarity

most accurate test to determine renal concentration is

high pH

failure of the nephron to produce ammonia will result in a urine with a

protein

a turbid CSF is most commonly caused by increased

the normal concentration of proteins in CSF relative to serum protein is

glacial acetic acid

to prepare the reagent used for mucin clot determination of synovial fluid, water is mixed with

synovial

a physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtiains a slightly bloody fluid. addition of acetic acid results in turbidty and a clot. this indicates that the fluid is

hyaluronate

the principal mucin in synovial fluid is

inflammation

the synovial fluid easily forms small drops from the aspirating syringe. this viscosity is associated with

CHF

clear and pale yellow pleural fluid

\

yellow

crystal aligned with slow vibration of compensator, MSU are

horseradish

false positive fecal occult blood

gum guaiac

chromogen for fecal occult blood test

paracentesis

ascites is collected by

amniocentesis

confirm a high maternal serum AFP

CF

sweat chloride over 60

CF

delta-F508 genetic defect

MS

presence of oligoclonal bands in CSF but not in serum

prealbumin

normal CSF has a relative abundance of what when compared to serum

increased IgG index

indicates synthesis of IgG in the CNS

hemorrhage

finding of hemosiderin laden machrophage in a CSF sample indicates

glutamine

byproduct of ammonia, elevated in CSF for Reye syndrome

CSF

tau isoform of transferrin is found in

PSA

marker used to identify a body fluid as semen

eosin nigrosin

stain used to measure sperm vitality

4

rapid forward progression of sperm is rated as

fecal fat

malabsorption syndrome due to pancreatic insufficiency sees increased

inducing sweat

pilocarpine iontophoresis

evaporation

during sweat collection, a consideration that can result in a falsely high result

sweat conductivity

screening for CF

FPA

assay for fetal lung maturity that gives a ratio of surfactant to albumin in amniotic fluid

triglycerides

stain with Sudan III