IM101 first meeting

prelim exam

Database & Database System

Are essential components of life in modern society.

Bank deposit or withdraw funds

Hotel or airline reservation

Access a computerized library catalogue to search for a bibliographic item.

Purchased item online

Example of Database & Database System

Traditional Database

Based on a fixed schema that is static in nature.

Multimedia Database

is a collection of related multimedia data that are use to store images, animation, audio, video along with text.

make the lecture more interesting and vivid.

Benefits of Multimedia Database

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface

Data Warehouse

Is an enterprise system used for the analysis and reporting of structured and semi-structured data from multiple sources

Data warehousing

integrates DATA and INFORMATION collected from various sources into one comprehensive database

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) system

is a computing method that enables users to easily and selectively extract and query data in order to analyze it from different point of view

Real-time database

is a database system which uses real-time processing to handle workloads whose state is constantly changing

Data

Is Raw facts - meaning facts it is not yet been processed to reveal their meaning

Information

The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning

Database

is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS)

End-user data

Metadata or data about data

Database is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of

End-user data

raw fact interest to the end-user

Metadata or data about data

provide a description of the data characteristic and set of relationship that links the data found within the database.

Database Management System

serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized.

Querying and Updating

Database Manipulation

Query

RETRIEVE DATA or CHANGE INFORMATION in a database

Information System

Set of component that is work together

Information Technology

Application of computer and telecommunication equipment. this is use to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.

REQUIREMENTS, SPECIFICATION and ANALYSIS

Design of a new application for an existing database or design of a new database starts off with a phase called

entity relationship model

describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge. compose of ENTITY TYPES and specifies relationship that can exist between entities.

Entity-Relationship (ER) model

is a conceptual framework used to describe and represent the data within a system and the relationships between those data elements. It is commonly used in database design to visually map out the structure of a database before it is implemented.

Entity

in DBMS is a real world thing or real world object which is distinguishable from other object in the real world. is a table or attribute of a table in database.

Conceptual design

is the initial phase where the overall purpose and structure of the system are defined at a high level. This phase focuses on what the system will do and what its main components will be, without delving into technical details or implementation specifics.

Logical design

translates the high-level concepts from the conceptual design into a more detailed structure. This phase focuses on how the system will meet the requirements outlined in the conceptual design, often specifying data flow, processes, and relationships between different entities without considering physical aspects like hardware or specific software.

Physical design

is the phase where the logical design is translated into actual physical implementations. It involves deciding on the hardware, software, network infrastructure, and specific technologies to use. The focus is on how to implement the logical design efficiently and effectively using physical resources

Physical database design

is the process of transforming logical data models into physical data models.

An experienced database designer

will make a physical database design in parallel with conceptual data modeling if they know the type of database technology that will be used.

Data independence

is the ability to modify the scheme without affecting the programs and the application to be rewritten.

Data is separated from the programs

that the changes made to the data will not affect the program execution and the application

Operation

Also called Function or Method

Database operations

is the development, maintenance, and support of structured data to maximize the value of data across the organization. This function includes database support and data technology management

Interface (or signature)

implementation (or method)

Specified two parts of operation

Interface (or signature)

an operation includes the operation name and the data type of its argument or parameters.

implementation (or method)

the operation is specified separately and it can be change without affection the interface.

Data independence

is the ability to modify the scheme without affecting the programs and the application to be rewritten.

Data Abstraction

is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the end user. It provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence which is used to enhance the security of data. The database systems consist of complicated data structures and relations

The conceptual representation of the database

has the identification of the important entities, relationships, and attributes.

Data Model

define how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system

Conceptual data models

Referred to as domain models and offer a big-picture view of what the system will contain. part of the process of gathering initial project requirements. This include entity classes.

Logical data Models

These indicate data attributes, such as data types and their corresponding lengths, and show the relationships among entities. don’t specify any technical system requirements.

Physical Data Models

They provide a schema for how the data will be physically stored within a database. They offer a finalized design that can be implemented as a relational database .