Machine Principles and Simple Machines Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering the history of machines, basic principles of motion (translational and rotational), types of simple machines (Lever, Pulley, Wheel and Axle, Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screw), and calculations for Ideal (IMA) and Actual (AMA) Mechanical Advantage.

When was the Stourbridge Lion notable and in which country?

1829 in the USA.

What was the significance of the steam locomotive in the early years?

It modernized transportation by helping in faster transporting of local goods and services over farther distances.

How did the printing press impact knowledge and society?

It paved the way for print materials like books and newspapers, igniting knowledge such as science while promoting religious ideologies.

Which invention was notable for modernizing aviation and connecting people globally?

The Wright flyer.

According to the transcript, what two principles generally govern machines?

Translational and Rotational kinematic quantities.

Define translational motion.

The straight-line movement of an object or its load.

Define rotational motion.

The spinning or turning of an object around an axis.

In an electric fan, what movements represent linear and angular motion?

Linear Motion: Air moves forward in a straight line from the fan. Angular Motion: The fan blades rotate around the motor shaft.

In a drill, what movements represent linear and angular motion?

Linear Motion: The drill bit moves forward. Angular Motion: The drill bit spins around its axis.

How does an elevator demonstrate both linear and angular motion?

Linear Motion: The elevator moves up and down vertically in the shaft. Angular Motion: The motor and pulleys rotate to lift the elevator.

What is the function of a counterweight in an elevator system?

It balances the load and reduces the effort needed to lift the elevator cabin.

Which of the following machines involves only linear motion of the payload: Car, Motorcycle, Train, or Escalator?

While all move from point A to B, the transcript notes their wheels or drive gears provide angular motion; specifically for an escalator, the steps move in a straight path at the top and bottom sections.

Identify the motion types for a washing machine drum during the washing cycle.

The drum spins (Angular Motion) while water moves through the drum during filling and draining (Linear Motion).

List the six types of simple machines mentioned in the text.

Lever, Pulley, Wheel and Axle, Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw.

What is a lever?

Any object with a flat surface (usually a rigid bar or beam) that is fixed within a single point called the fulcrum.

How is torque demonstrated in a lever mechanism?

The distance of the effort force from the fulcrum serves as the lever arm, and the applied effort force results in the change in position of the load.

The 'FLE 123' mnemonic describes what regarding levers?

It identifies which component is in the middle for each class: 1st class has the Fulcrum (F) in the middle, 2nd class has the Load (L) in the middle, and 3rd class has the Effort (E) in the middle.

Give examples of a 1st class lever.

Seesaw center and scissors pivot.

What is a characteristic of a 2nd class lever's IMA?

Its IMA value is always greater than 1 ($IMA > 1$).

What is a characteristic of a 3rd class lever's IMA?

Its IMA value is always less than 1 ($IMA < 1$).

What is a pulley made of?

A grooved wheel with a rope or wire that moves with it.

How is an inclined plane defined and what is its purpose?

It is any plane surface positioned at a specific angle, used to move objects from one position to another with the least amount of force needed.

Why do inclined planes and wedges only involve translational motion?

Because they do not have rotating parts.

Describe a wheel and axle system.

It is composed of a circular disk (wheel) that rotates within a cylindrical rigid bar (axle).

What is a wedge?

A combination of two different inclined planes placed back-to-back.

How do screws utilize both linear and angular motion?

Rotational motion happens when external force is applied to the head by a turning motion, and the threads (acting as inclined planes) create linear displacement through translational movement.

Who was the first to recognize the idea of 'simple machines' in the 3rd Century BC?

Archimedes, the Greek Philosopher.

How is Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) calculated generally?

$IMA = \frac{d_e}{d_r}$ (distance of the effort divided by the distance of the load resistance).

How is Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) calculated?

$AMA = \frac{\text{load or resistance force}}{\text{effort force}}$ or $AMA = \frac{R}{E}$.

What is the IMA of a fixed pulley?

Always equal to 1.

How is the IMA of a movable pulley determined?

By the number of ropes or wires used (e.g., two ropes result in an IMA of 2).

What is the formula for the IMA of a wheel and axle system?

$IMA = \frac{r_{\text{wheel}}}{r_{\text{axle}}}$ (radius of the wheel divided by the radius of the axle).

Calculate the IMA for a wheel with a radius of $1.4\,m$ and an axle with a radius of $0.6\,m$.

$IMA = \frac{1.4\,m}{0.6\,m} = 2.33$.

What is the formula for the IMA of an inclined plane?

$IMA = \frac{L}{h}$ (length of the plane divided by the height of the plane).

How does the angle of inclination affect the effort required for an inclined plane?

A lower angle requires less effort force, while a higher angle requires more effort force.

What is the formula for the IMA of a wedge?

$IMA = \frac{L}{t}$ where $L$ is the depth of penetration and $t$ is the separation of wedged surfaces (thickness).

In a screw, what is the consequence of having a smaller pitch?

It requires a lesser amount of effort force, but it requires more turns for the screw to be fastened.