ANS 110 - Basics of Animal Nutrition

What are nutrients?

Chemical components that support life

What are nutrients important for?

Maintenance, growth, reproduction and production

What are the six nutrients?

Water, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates

What do carbohydrates and fats largely do?

Generate energy for heat generation, work and growth and fat depositions

What are unneeded proteins stored as?

Fat

What nutrient causes death from depletion faster?

Water

How much water do beef cattle, dairy cows, sheep, horses, pigs and poultry (per 100 birds)?

24 - 48, 6 - 21, 1 - 3, 5 - 15, 2 - 8 and 9 -15 gallons per day

What factors affect water consumption?

Dry matter consumed, salt consumption, temperature, humidity, amount of water and protein in feed and exercise

What are the 3 main functions nutrients are needed to preform?

Structural, energy and regulatory

What is the predominant structural nutrient?

Protein

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

What is starch?

Storage form of energy in plants

What is glycogen?

Sugar storage in muscle, quick source of energy and first to be used during fasting

What is cellulose?

Carbohydrate type found in cell walls of plants and has low digestability

What is hemicellulose?

More digestible, structural part of the plant

What is lignin?

Woody part of the plants that isn’t digestible and lowers digestibility of other nutrients

How does the structure of fat compare to carbohydrates?

Contain more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen than carbohydrates

What is fat used for?

Energy, to keep dust down in food and improve hair cut

How much energy does fat have in comparison to grain?

2.5 times as much

What are triglycerides?

Fatty acids plus glyceral units

What are the two classifications of fats and where are they from?

Saturated (animal origin) and unsaturated (plant origin)

What is the general structure of proteins?

CH3 - CH - COOH (carboxyl group) + NH2 (amino acid group)

What type of bones link amino acids and how are they broken down?

Peptide bonds which are digested with proteases with water

What are macro minerals?

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine and magnesium

What macro minerals are electrolytes?

Potassium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine and magnesium

What do electrolytes do?

Important for muscle contractions

What macro minerals are important to bone development?

Calcium and phosphorous

What are some micro minerals?

Iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, fluorine, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, and selenium

What are vitamins?

Organic compounds, micronutrients

What are the two classifications of vitamins and what vitamins are they?

Fat soluble: A, D, E, K; water soluble: B and C

What becomes vitamin D in sunlight?

Cholesterol

What vitamins are synthesized by microbs?

Vitamin C and in ruminants, K and B

What animals require Vitamin D in their diets?

Poultry and pigs

What are common feed ingredients?

Roughage, concentration, mineral mix,fat supplements and water

What are forms of roughage?

Pasture, hay, silage, haylage and corn stoven

What are concentrations made up of?

Oats, corn, soybean (meal) and barely

How much digestible energy and protein does oats have?

2.85 and 11.8

How much digestible energy and protein does corn have?

3.38 and 9.1

How much digestible energy and protein does soymeal have?

3.14 and 44.5

What nutrient in concentrate contains that most digestible energy?

Corn

What nutrient in concentrate contains that most protein?

Soybean meal

Where is the most nutritional value in the plant found?

In the leaves

Which has higher nutritional value: legumes or grass?

Legumes

What happens to the protein and digestible energy of plants as they mature?

It decreases

True or False: In ruminants feed is exposed to extensive pre-gastric microbial fermentation

True

What species are ruminants?

Cattle, sheep, camels, goats, deer and elk

True or false: Monogastrics have lots of microbial fermentation?

False

What species are monogastric?

Swine, horse, dogs, cats, rabbits and poultry