speech styles

intimate

• relaxed and is used by people who are very close to each other. Nonverbal communication is used and even personal language codes

casual

• flexible and may use slang

• informal, relaxed, and natural

consultative

• used when talking or negotiating with strangers, or people whom you do not have closeness with

formal

• language that must be used here should be cohesive and informative

• speech must be planned ahead

frozen style

• formal and static

• slang language is not allowed to be used in this style

locution

• the act of saying something

phonetic act

(locution)

• uttering vocal sounds, noises that do not make sense yet

phatic act

(locution)

• uttering sounds that are belonging to and as belonging to a certain vocabulary

• “conforming to and as conforming to” a language, grammar

rhetic act

(locution)

• uttering of words endowed with meaning, which may have sense, reference, or both

utterance acts

(locution)

• searle (1969)

• “a speech act that consists of the verbal employment of units of expression such as words and sentences”

propositional acts

(locution)

• searle (1969)

• clear and express a specific definable point

illocutionary

• when a speaker expresses something, there is an intended meaning behind it

perlocutionary

• hearer’s reaction to the speaker’s message

• reaction can either be change in behavior or specific action

declaration

• the speaker declares something that has the potential to bring about a change in the world

assertive

• the speaker presents facts of the world, such as statements and claims

expressive

• speaker states something about their psychological attitude and their attitudes towards a situation

directive

• speaker intends to get the listener to do something

commissives

• speaker commits to doing something in the future