Chem 142 - Unit 3

Synthesis Reaction

A + B -> C

Decomposition Reaction

C -> A + B

Single-Replacement Reaction

AB + C -> AC + B

Double-Replacement Reaction

AB + CD -> AD + CB

Stoichiometry

The ratio between the amount of each species reacted and produced

Empirical Formula

The smallest ratio of atoms in a molecule

Molecular Formula

The number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Limiting Reactant

A reactant that runs out before all other reactants

Excess Reactant

A reactant that remains unreacted at the end of the reaction

Theoretical Yield

The amount of product that should be formed based on the limiting reactant

Percent Yield

The ratio between the amount of product that was formed compared to how much product should have been formed

Solute

Component of a solution present in lesser amount

Solvent

Component of a solution present in greater amount

Electrolyte

A compound that breaks up into ions when dissolved

Weak Electolyte

A compound that only partially breaks up into ions when dissolved

Nonelectrolyte

A compound that foes not break up unto ions when dissolved

Dilution

The process of making a solution less concentrated

Concentration

The amount of solute per amount of solution

Mass Percent

The mass of solute per mass of solution

Volume Percent

The volume of solute per volume of solution

Mass per Volume Percent

The mass of solute per volume of solution

Molarity

The moles of solute per volume of solution

Parts Per XXX

The mass of solute per mass of solution, all time a factor (e.g. one million)

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent

Miscible

Liquid solutes that can be dissolved in other liquids

Immiscible

Liquids that cannot be mixed to form a homogeneous solution

Unsaturated

More solute can dissolve

Saturated

no more solute can dissolve

Supersaturated

Too much solute is dissolved

Redox Reaction

A chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of at least two element are changed

Oxidation

Loss of electrons

Reduction

Gain of electrons

Oxidizing Agent

Species that causes another species to be oxidized

Reducing Agent

Species that causes another species to be reduced