Chem 142 - Unit 3

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Chemistry

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34 Terms

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Synthesis Reaction
A + B -> C
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Decomposition Reaction
C -> A + B
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Single-Replacement Reaction
AB + C -> AC + B
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Double-Replacement Reaction
AB + CD -> AD + CB
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Stoichiometry
The ratio between the amount of each species reacted and produced
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Empirical Formula
The smallest ratio of atoms in a molecule
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Molecular Formula
The number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Limiting Reactant
A reactant that runs out before all other reactants
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Excess Reactant
A reactant that remains unreacted at the end of the reaction
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Theoretical Yield
The amount of product that should be formed based on the limiting reactant
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Percent Yield
The ratio between the amount of product that was formed compared to how much product should have been formed
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Solute
Component of a solution present in lesser amount
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Solvent
Component of a solution present in greater amount
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Electrolyte
A compound that breaks up into ions when dissolved
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Weak Electolyte
A compound that only partially breaks up into ions when dissolved
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Nonelectrolyte
A compound that foes not break up unto ions when dissolved
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Dilution
The process of making a solution less concentrated
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Concentration
The amount of solute per amount of solution
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Mass Percent
The mass of solute per mass of solution
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Volume Percent
The volume of solute per volume of solution
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Mass per Volume Percent
The mass of solute per volume of solution
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Molarity
The moles of solute per volume of solution
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Parts Per XXX
The mass of solute per mass of solution, all time a factor (e.g. one million)
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Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent
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Miscible
Liquid solutes that can be dissolved in other liquids
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Immiscible
Liquids that cannot be mixed to form a homogeneous solution
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Unsaturated
More solute can dissolve
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Saturated
no more solute can dissolve
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Supersaturated
Too much solute is dissolved
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Redox Reaction
A chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of at least two element are changed
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Oxidation
Loss of electrons
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Reduction
Gain of electrons
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Oxidizing Agent
Species that causes another species to be oxidized
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Reducing Agent
Species that causes another species to be reduced