Final Exam Part 2

True or false when it comes to the spinal nerve it contains both sensory and motor neurons

true

True or false the spinal nerve contains both afferent and efferent neurons

true

What does a reflex start with

a sensory receptor

What are the receptors of the integumentary system

Mysers Corpusle and poccinians corpuscle and free nerve endings

What type of receptors are in the integumentary system

sensory

Sensory receptors convey nerve impulses towards the

spinal cord

Interneurons synapse to

efferent neuron

Where does efferent neuron move information to

effector

what can an effector be

skeletal muscle or organ or gland

What type of reflex involves two neurons with one synapses and no interneurons

monosynaptic reflex

What type of reflex involves more than two neurons with multiple synapses and interneurons

polysynaptic reflexes

What type of reflex is in the skeletal muscle

somatic reflexes

What type of reflex is in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and glands

autonomic visceral reflexes

What is a reflex in the brain called

cranial reflexes

What is a reflex in the spinal cord

spinal reflex

What is the most simple reflex in the body

knee jerk reflex

What kind of synapse is the knee jerk reflex

monosynaptic reflex

What does the knee jerk reflex involve ONLY

the spinal cord

What is a knee jerk reflex also called

stretch reflex

What is a sensory receptors attached to

afferent neuron

When using a reflex hammer on the knee what muscle is being stretched

quadriceps femoris

What are the three muscles of the hamstrings

semi tendinosis and semi membranosis and biceps femorris

What reflex causes you to quickly pull away from something painful

like a hot surface

How many synapses in a withdraw reflex

at least 2

What is the relay station for ascending tracts

thalamus

Do descending tracts stop by the thalamus

no they bypass

Which part of the cerebrum contains the primary somatal sensory cortex

the parietal lobe

Ascending tracks use what before sending information towards the cerebrum

thalamus

From the thalamus we send fibers or nerve fibers towards the

primary somatic sensory cortex

What are ascending tracts

Nerve pathways that carry sensory information from the body up to the brain.

What structure do most ascending tracts pass through before reaching the cerebrum

The thalamus which acts like a relay station or “rest stop” for sensory signals.

Where does the thalamus send sensory information next

To the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.

What part of the brain contains the primary somatosensory cortex

The parietal lobe of the cerebrum.

What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex

To receive and process sensory input like touch pressure pain and temperature.

What is the general pathway of sensory information to the brain

Spinal cord → Thalamus → Parietal lobe (primary somatosensory cortex)

Where does a voluntary motor action begin in the brain

In the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe.

What is the primary motor cortex responsible for

Initiating voluntary motor movements.

After the brain initiates a motor signal what happens next

The signal descends from the brain through the spinal cord.

What happens when the motor signal reaches the spinal cord

It synapses with a motor neuron.

Where does the motor neuron send the signal

To an effector like a skeletal muscle to carry out the movement.

What is the general pathway for a motor signal

Primary motor cortex → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Skeletal muscle (effector)

What kind of pathway is used to carry out voluntary movements

A descending motor pathway.

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

the neuron

What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?

the axon

What surrounds and insulates many axons to speed up signal transmission?

the myelin sheath

What connective tissue surrounds an individual axon?

the endoneurium

What do several axons bundled together form?

a fascicle

What connective tissue surrounds each fascicle?

the perineurium

What connective tissue surrounds the entire nerve?

the epineurium

What is the correct order of nerve structure from smallest to largest?

axon → myelin sheath → endoneurium → fascicle → perineurium → epineurium

Nerves found in between ribs

intercostal nerves

Groups of cells bodies found peripherally

ganglia

Ganglia in a chain are chain are called

the sympathetic chain

What do the ganglia chains belong to

sympathetic nervous system

Nerve plexus

a network of nerves

What do enlargements form

nerve plexus

Which spinal nerves are part of the cervical plexus

C1-C4

Which spinal nerves are part of the brachial plexus

C5-T1

Which spinal nerves are part of the lumbar plexus

L1-L4

Which spinal nerves are part of the sacral plexus

L4-S4

Which spinal nerves are part of the coccygeal plexus

S5-Co

If I can feel sensation in my thigh or leg which group of spinal nerves is likely to provide the sensation

Lumbar region

If I can feel sensation in my abs which group of spinal nerves is likely to provide the sensation

Thoracic region

What is the sympathetic chain also connected to

intercostal nerves

Does the thoracic region have plexus

no

How many plexus are there

5

What is the loop between c1-c3

ansa cervicalis

What spinal nerves roots form the phrenic nerve

c3-c5

What does the phrenic nerve innervate

the diaphragm

Which nerve is like to innervate the diaphragm found partially in the cervical and brachial plexus

phrenic nerve

What will roots form

trunks

How many trunks are there

3

How many divisions will trunks make

6

What will divisions form

chords

What will chords form

peripheral nerves

How many chords are there

3

How many peripheral nerves will the posterior cord give rise to

2

What nerves does the posterior cord give rise to

axillary and radial

How many peripheral nerves will the lateral cord give rise to

one and a half

What nerves does the lateral cord give rise to

musculocutaneous and half median

How many peripheral nerves will the medial cord give rise to

one and a half

What nerves does the medial cord give rise to

Ulnar nerve and half of median nerve

What two cords form the median nerve

posterior and medial cord

Motor innervation of the axillary nerve

deltoid abduct

Motor innervation of the radial nerve

triceps brachii

Motor innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve

biceps brachii

Motor innervation of the ulnar nerve

flexor carpi ulnaris

Motor innervation of the median nerve

flexor digitorum profundus

Sensory innervation of the axillary nerve

inferior and lateral aspect of the shoulder

Sensory innervation of the radial nerve

posterior surface of the arm and forearm and lateral 2/3 of the dorsum of the hand

Sensory innervation of the radial nerve on the arm

posterior surface of the arm

Sensory innervation of the radial nerve on the forearm

forearm

Sensory innervation of the radial nerve on the dorsum of the hand lateral or medial

lateral

Sensory innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve

lateral surface of the forearm

Sensory innervation of the ulnar nerve

medial 1/3 of the hand and fifth digit and medial 1/2 of the fourth digit

Sensory innervation of the median nerve

lateral 2/3 of the palm and digits 1-3 and lateral 1/2 of the fourth digit

Which nerve has sensory innervation on the lateral half of the fourth digit

median nerve

Which nerve has sensory innervation on the medial half of the fourth digit

ulnar nerve

What is the ulnar nerve also called

funny bone

Which nerve has sensory innervation on the lateral 2/3 of the palm

median nerve