PT Anatomy 1

Upper trapezius origin

Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, lig nuchae, SP of C7

Upper trapezius insertion

Posterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Trapezius innervation

Motor: spinal part of CN XI (accessory)
Sensory: branches from ventral rami (C3, C4)

Trapezius blood supply

Variation 1: Superficial cervical artery, posterior branch of posterior intercostal artery, dorsal scapular artery
Variation 2: superficial branch of transverse cervical artery, posterior branch of posterior intercostal artery, deep branch of transverse cervical artery

Upper trapezius action

OC: scapular elevation (upward slide and upward rotation)

CC: unilaterally ipsilateral SB and contralateral rotation of head and neck; bilaterally extends head and neck

Middle trapezius origin

Spinous processes of T1-T6, supraspinous ligament

Middle trapezius insertion

Medial border of acromion and superior lip of scapular spine

Middle trapezius action

Open chain: scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation)

Lower trapezius origin

Spinous processes of T7-T12, supraspinous ligament

Lower trapezius insertion

Triangular area medial to the base of the scapular spine

Lower trapezius action

Open chain: scapular upward rotation and downward slide

Upper trapezius

Middle trapezius

Lower trapezius

Latissimus dorsi origin

Spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12

Latissimus dorsi insertion

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Latissimus dorsi innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve (long/middle subscapular nerve, C6,7,8)

Latissimus dorsi blood supply

Thoracodorsal artery, posterior branch of posterior intercostal artery, lumbar artery

Latissimus dorsi action

OC: adducts, extends, medially rotates humerus; assists with scapular depression (downward rotation and inferior slide)

CC: trunk elevation

Latissimus dorsi

Rhomboid major origin

Spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid major insertion

Medial and inferior border of scapula below root of spine

Rhomboid major innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Rhomboid major blood supply

Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery or dorsal scapular artery, posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Rhomboid major action

OC: scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation), downward rotation, assists with upward slide

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor origin

Spinous processes of C7 and T1, lower lig nuchae

Rhomboid minor insertion

Medial border of scapula at level of root of spine

Rhomboid minor innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Rhomboid minor blood supply

Deep branch of transverse cervical artery or dorsal scapular artery, posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Rhomboid minor action

OC: scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation), downward rotation, assists with upward slide

Rhomboid minor

Levator scapula origin

Posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C1-C4

Levator scapula insertion

Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine

Levator scapula innervation

Ventral rami (C3,4), dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Levator scapula blood supply

Deep branch of transverse cervical artery or dorsal scapular artery, posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Levator scapula action

OC: scapular upward slide, downward rotation

CC: ipsilateral side bending and rotation of neck

Levator scapula

Serratus posterior superior origin

Thin aponeurosis to spinous processes of C7-T3 and their supraspinous ligament

Serratus posterior superior insertion

Ribs 2-5 along superior border on external surfaces lateral to rib angles

Serratus posterior superior innervation

Segmental branch of intercostal nerve T2-T5

Serratus posterior superior blood supply

Posterior branch of posterior intercostal artery

Serratus posterior superior action

Elevates ribs

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior origin

Thin aponeurosis to spinous processes of T11-L2 and their supraspinous ligaments

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

Ribs 9-12 along inferior border on external surfaces anterolateral to their rib angles

Serratus posterior inferior innervation

Ventral rami of T9-T11 spinal nerves

Serratus posterior inferior blood supply

Posterior branch of posterior intercostal artery

Serratus posterior inferior action

Depresses ribs

Serratus posterior inferior

Splenius capitis origin

Lower half of lig nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T4 and their supraspinous ligaments

Splenius capitis insertion

Mastoid process and on the rough surface below lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

Splenius capitis innervation

Lateral branches of dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

Splenius capitis blood supply

Branch off the external carotid artery

Splenius capitis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral side bending and neck rotation

Bilaterally: extends neck

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis origin

Spinous processes of T3-T6

Splenius cervicis insertion

Posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C1-C3

Splenius cervicis innervation

Lateral branches of dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerve

Splenius cervicis blood supply

Branch off the external carotid artery

Splenius cervicis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral side bending and rotation of neck

Bilaterally: extends neck

Splenius cervicis

Iliocostalis cervicis origin

Ribs 3-6 at rib angles

Iliocostalis cervicis insertion

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6

Iliocostalis cervicis innervation

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves

Iliocostalis cervicis blood supply

Posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Iliocostalis cervicis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral side bending spine

Bilaterally: extends spine

Iliocostalis cervicis

Iliocostalis thoracis origin

Ribs 6-12 at rib angles

Iliocostalis thoracis insertion

Rib angles of ribs 1-6 and posterior portion of transverse processes of C7

Iliocostalis thoracis innervation

Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerve

Iliocostalis thoracis blood supply

Posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Iliocostalis thoracis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral side bending spine

Bilaterally: extends spine

Iliocostalis thoracis

Iliocostalis lumborum origin

Common tendon of median sacral crest, spinous processes of T11-L5 and their supraspinous ligaments, and medial aspect of posterior iliac crest

Iliocostalis lumborum insertion

Rib angles of lower 6-7 ribs

Iliocostalis lumborum innervation

Dorsal rami of lumbar spinal nerves

Iliocostalis lumborum blood supply

Posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Iliocostalis lumborum action

Unilaterally: Ipsilateral side bending spine

Bilaterally: extends spine

Iliocostalis lumborum

Longissimus capitis origin

Transverse processes of T1-5 and articular processes of C4-C7

Longissimus capitis insertion

Mastoid process at posterior margin

Longissimus capitis innervation

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerve

Longissimus capitis blood supply

Muscular branches of occipital artery and posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Longissimus capitis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral rotation of head

Bilaterally: extends spine

Longissimus capitis

Longissimus cervicis origin

Transverse processes of T1-T5

Longissimus cervicis insertion

Posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C2-C6

Longissimus cervicis innervation

Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerve

Longissimus cervicis blood supply

Posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Longissimus cervicis action

Unilaterally: Ipsilateral side bending of head

Bilaterally: extends spine

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus thoracis origin

Common tendon in lumbar region on posterior aspect of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and middle layer of thoracolumbar fascia

Longissimus thoracis insertion

Tips of transverse processes of T1-T12 and lower 9-10 ribs between tubercles and rib angles

Longissimus thoracis innervation

Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve

Longissimus thoracis blood supply

Posterior branches of posterior intercostal artery

Longissimus thoracis action

Unilaterally: ipsilateral side bending of trunk

Bilaterally: extends spine

Longissimus thoracis

Spinalis capitis origin/insertion

Blends with semispinalis capitis

Spinalis capitis innervation

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerve