NH3

Chem Reactions

Lab Prep of NH3

NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + 2H2O + NH3

Collection of Ammonia

Downward Displacement of AIR

From Metal nitrides

Metallic Nitride + H2O = Metal Hydroxide + NH3

MG3N2 + H2O = 3Mg(OH)2 + NH3

Industrial Prep of Ammonia

Haber’s Process

N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 + Heat

Max. yield by Le Chatelier’s Principle

i) Low Temp - As reaction is exothermic 450-500C
ii) High Pressure - As forward reaction proceeds with decrease in volume 200-900 atm

iii) Catalyst - finely divided iron + molybdenum

Combustion of NH3

Burns in air with greenish - yellow flame

4NH3 + 3O2 = 6H2O + 2N2 + Heat

Action on Acids

Forms Ammonium Salt

2NH3 +H2SO4 =(NH4)2SO4

Ammonium Hydroxide forms respective ammonium salt and water

NH4OH + HCL = NH4Cl +H2O

Reaction w. Carbon

2NH3 + CO2 =NH2CONH2 + H2
Urea

Reduction of Chlorine

i) When NH3 is in excess -
8NH3 + 3Cl2 = N2 + 6NH4Cl - white

ii) When Chlorine is in excess -

NH3 + 3Cl2 = NCl3 + 3HCL

Nitrogen Trichloride (yellow)

Reduction of Metal Oxides

Oxide + NH3 = Metal + Water + N2

Reactions of Ammonium Hydroxide

Metal Salt + NH4OH = Metal Hydroxide + Ammonium Salt

Nessler’s Reagent

K2HGI4