Lab exam 1

Frontal

A plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

pleural cavity

each surrounds a lung, the serous membrane of each plural cavity is the pleura

Mediastinum

anatomical portion of the thoracic cavity between the medial walls of the pleural cavities, that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Abdominal cavity

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. Serious membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

Right and left hypochondriac region

Epigastric region

Right and left inguinal (iliac)

Parietal layer

Lines the walls of the cavities

Visceral layer

Covers the viscera within the cavities

Serous membrane

Double layered fluid filled sack that surround organs like the heart and the lungs

Serous fluid

Between the two layers reduces friction and allows the viscera to slide somewhat during movements

Visceral pleura

Clings to the surface of the lungs

Parietal pleura

The outer layer serous pleural membrane

Peritoneum cavity

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Visceral peritoneum

Covers the abdominal viscera

Parietal peritoneum

Lines the abdominal wall

Trachea

Left primary bronchus

Left lung is differed by

Left superior lube of the lung and then left inferior lobe lung

Esophageal hiatus

Right adrenal gland

right ureter

Fundus region

greater curvature

cardiac sphincter

pyloric sphincter

Right lobe of liver

Greater omentum

Cecum of the large intestines

sigmoid colon

haustra

Taeniae coli

Sagittal

A plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

Transverse

A plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

spleen

stomach

esophagus

thyroid glands

right adrenal glands

right ureter

rugae

gallbladder

cecum

Scanning lens

40x (4x objective \(\times \) 10x ocular)

Low dry lens

100x (10x objective \(\times \) 10x ocular)

High dry lens

400x (40x objective \(\times \) 10x ocular)

G1 phase

The cell grows larger, copies organelles, and performs normal daily functions.

S phase

The cell replicates its entire DNA genome so each new cell gets an exact copy.

G2 phase

The cell makes final growth spurts and manufactures proteins needed for division.

G0 phase

A resting or quiescent state where a cell exits g1 cycle and stops dividing while remaining metabolically active

Mitotic cell cycle

An orderly sequence of growth and division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

Interphase cell cycle

Cell grows, duplicates it DNA, and prepares for division

The steps of mitosis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Stages of cell division

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Interphase

• DNA duplicated

• Growth

• Preparation for cell division

Prophase

Chromosomes condense

Metaphase

Chromosomes( consisting of two chromatids) line up at equatorial plate

Anaphase

The attachments between sister chromatids break

Telephase

• New nuclei form each with two complete sets of chromosomes

• Cytokinesis divide cell into two daughter cells

Resolving power

Magnification of object to distinguish fine detail

Golgi complex

Organelle that packages and processes proteins before secretion.

SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Organelle that synthesizes lipids and steroids.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP (energy) for cell function.

Microvilli

Cellular structures that increase surface area for maximum absorption.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that destroy foreign bacteria.

the light source on a microscope can be adjusted by

raising or lowering the condenser, or by opening or closing the diaphragm

hypogastric region

umbilical region