Chapter 7 Vocab APUSH

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, officially ratified by 1791. The amendments safeguarded fundamental personal rights, including freedom of speech and religion, and mandated legal procedures, such as trial by jury.

Bank of the United States

A bank chartered in 1790 and jointly owned by private stockholders and the national government. Alexander Hamilton argued that the bank would provide stability to the specie-starved American economy by making loans to merchants, handling government funds, and issuing bills of credit.

Proclamation of Neutrality

A proclamation issued by President George Washington in 1793, allowing U.S. citizens to trade with all both sides in the war between France and Great Britain.

French Revolution

A revolution in France (1789-1799) that was initially welcomed by most Americans because it began by abolishing feudalism and establishing a constitutional monarchy, but eventually came to seem too radical for many.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising by farmers in western Pennsylvania in response to enforcement of an unpopular excise tax on whiskey.

Jay's Treaty

A 1795 treaty between the United States and Britain, negotiated by (blank). The treaty accepted Britain's right to stop neutral ships. In return, it allowed Americans to submit claims for illegal seizures and required the British to remove their troops and Indian agents from the Northwest Territory.

Haitian Revolution

An uprising against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue (1791-1804) involving "gens de coleur" and liberated slaves from the island and armies from three European countries. In 1803, Saint-Domingue became the independent black republic of Haiti, in which former slaves were citizens.

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which American negotiators in France were rebuffed for refusing to pay a substantial bribe. The incident led the United States into an undeclared war that curtailed American trade with the French West Indies.

Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts

Three laws passed in 1798 that limited individual rights and threatened the fledgling party system. The (blank) Act lengthened the residency requirement for citizenship, the (blank) Act authorized the deportation of foreigners, and the (blank) Act prohibited the publication of insults or malicious attacks on the president or members of Congress.

VA and KY Resolutions

Resolutions by the Virginia and Kentucky state legislatures in 1798 condemning the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions tested the idea that state legislatures could judge the legitimacy of federal laws.

Treaty of Greenville

A 1795 treaty between the United States and various Indian tribes in Ohio. American negotiators acknowledged Indian ownership of the land, and, in return for various payments, the Western Confederacy ceded most of Ohio to the United States.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in finding that parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 were in conflict with the Constitution. For the first time, the Supreme Court assumed legal authority to overrule acts of other branches of the government.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase of French territory west of the Mississippi River that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. The (blank) nearly doubled the size of the United States and opened the way for future American expansion west. The (blank) required President Thomas Jefferson to exercise powers not explicitly granted to him by the Constitution.

Embargo Act of 1807

An act of Congress that prohibited U.S. ships from traveling to foreign ports (and effectively banned overseas trade) in an attempt to deter Britain from halting U.S. ships at sea. The (blank) caused grave hardships for Americans engaged in overseas commerce.

Treaty of Ghent

The treaty signed on Christmas Eve 1814 that ended the War of 1812. It retained the prewar borders of the United States.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A Supreme Court case that denied the right of states to tax the Second Bank of the United States, thereby asserting the dominance of national over state power.

Monroe Doctrine

The 1823 declaration by President James Monroe that the Western Hemisphere was closed to any further colonization or interference by European powers. In exchange, Monroe pledged that the United States would not become involved in European struggles.

Adams-Onis Treaty

A 1819 treaty in which John Quincy Adams persuaded Spain to cede the Florida territory to the United States. In return, the American government accepted Spain's claim to Texas and agreed to a compromise on the western boundary for the state of Louisiana.

Little Turtle

Chief of the Miami who led a Native American alliance that raided U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory. He was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville. Later, he became an advocate for peace

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army at the Battle of Tippecanoe. (blank) was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 (at the Battle of the Thames).

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. He was the leader of the Federalists.

John Adams

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams

Henry Clay

New Speaker of the House of Representatives and a war hawk, who wanted to seize territory in British Canada and Spanish Florida.

John Quincy Adams

Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was an American commissioner who demanded territory in Canada and Florida until the Treaty of Ghent was signed.

yeomen farmers

majority of Southern white society; small farmers with little or no slaves, had fertile lands but no access to marketplaces

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.