CH2 Microorganisms

grade 8

Communicable diseases in animals

Anthrax & Fin Rot

Communicable diseases in humans

Chikenpox & Maleria

Two diseases prevented by vaccine

Polio & Small Pox

Five main groups of microbes

Bacteria , Protozoa , Algae , Fungi , Viruses

Bacteria that helps turn milk to curd

Lactobacillus

Antibiotics

Medicine produced by certain microbes that kills or controls the growth of harmful microbes

Fermentation

Process of conversion of sugar into acid or alcohol by the action of microbes

Food Preservation

Process of preventing food spoilage and shelf life by maintaining flavour, value & texture.

Micro-Organisms

Tiny structures invisible to the naked eye viewed only under a microscope

Microscope

Instrument that magnifies very small structures & helps us to view microbes & tiny structures invisible to the naked eye

Pathogens

Disease causing micro organisms

Vaccine

Substance that helps the body to develop immunity against specific diseases

Viruses

Microbes that can be seen only under an electron microscope & reproduces only inside a living organism

Full form of HIV & TMV

HIV - Human Immuno - Deficiency Virus
TMV - Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Groups of microbes

Colonies

Four commercial uses of microbes

Making curd & cheese
Making bread
Making alcoholic beverages
Making vinegar

Six methods of food preservation

Boiling
Dehydration
Freezing
Canning
Chemical Preservatives
Pasteurization

Three ways diseases spread

Air
Food / Water
Carriers

Two agricultural uses of of micro organisms

Nitrogen Fixation
Improving soil Fertility

Two antibiotics produced by micro organisms

Penicilin

Streptomycin

Two food supplements made from algae

Chlorella
Spirulina

Two microorganisms found in the human intestine

Lactobacillus Acidophilus
E.Coli

Specimen

Object viewed under a microscope

Signs of spoiled food

Bad smell
Slimy Surface
Sour taste

Acetic Acid

Vinegar

Antibodies

Substances produced by our body that fiht disease causing microbes.

Communicable Diseases

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another

Coagulation

Process by which milk protien (casein) becomes thick and partly solid to form curd

Food Spoilage

Deterioration of food quality due to growth of microbes

Nitrogen Fixation

Process through which free atmospheric nitrogen is converted into nitrogen compounds

Pasteurization

Heating food (especially milk) to a high temperature and then cooling it rapidly to kill harmful microbes

Yeast in fermentation

Converts sugars into alcohol & Carbon Di Oxide

Nutrition in Fungi

Dead & Decaying Matter

Rhizobium

Bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen

Citrus Canker

Disease in plants caused by bacteria

Diseases caused by fungi in plants

Rust of Wheat
Apple Scab
Loose Smut

Cholera causing Microbe

Bacterium

Ringworm causing Microbe

Fungus

Malaria spreading mosquito

Female Anopheles Mosquito

Cause of food poisoning

Eating spoiled food