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amino acid
a monomer of a protein
antibody
proteins produced by lymphocytes
carbohydrate
a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates
catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction
cellulose
a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell
disaccharide
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
element
one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties
enzyme
a catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein
fat
a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room temperature
fatty acid
a substance produced when fats are digested (sub-units of fats)
gene
a length of DNA that codes for a protein
glucose
an example of a carbohydrate. It is a monosaccharide sugar
glycerol
Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.
glycogen
a storage carbohydrate in animals
haemoglobin
red
hormone
a chemical signaling molecule
insulation
the state of being separated and protected; material that protects against heat or electricity
lipids
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
maltose
a disaccharide composed of two glucose units; sometimes known as malt sugar
monosaccharide
a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
nucleic acid
a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
nucleotide
a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar
oil
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
phospholipid
a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone
polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
polysaccharide
a long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched
protein
a biological macromolecule containing the elements of carbon
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis
saturated fatty acid
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
starch
a storage carbohydrate in plants
steroid
a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings
sucrose
a disaccharide of glucose + fructose
triglyceride
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
unsaturated fatty acid
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
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