Algebra and Number Sense Flashcards

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts of algebra, number theory, fractions, and units of measurement based on the provided lecture notes.

Incógnitas

The letters in algebra that represent unknown numbers.

Expresión algebraica

A combination of numbers and letters, such as $2 \times x + 3$, representing a mathematical phrase.

Valor numérico

The result obtained by substituting a letter (variable) in an algebraic expression with a specific number.

Monomios

Algebraic terms that involve only multiplication, such as $3x$, $5$, or $2ab$.

Monomios semejantes

Monomials that have the same literal part, meaning the same letter and the same exponent.

Números Primos

Numbers that are only divisible by $1$ and themselves, such as $2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, \text{etc.}$

MCD (Máximo Común Divisor)

The product of common prime factors with the lowest exponent; it is used to simplify fractions.

mcm (mínimo común múltiplo)

The product of common and non-common prime factors with the highest exponent; it is used to add or subtract fractions with different denominators.

Potencias

A mathematical operation written as $a^{n}$, representing the number $a$ multiplied by itself $n$ times.

Números enteros

The set of numbers denoted as $\mathbb{Z} = \{-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, \dots\}$.

Jerarquía de operaciones

The specific order for solving operations: 1st Parentheses, 2nd Powers and roots, 3rd Multiplications and divisions, 4th Additions and subtractions.

Fracciones equivalentes

Fractions that represent the same value; they satisfy the condition $\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d}$ if $a \times d = b \times c$.

Función de Proporcionalidad directa

A relationship defined by $y = K \times x$, whose graph is a straight line passing through the origin $(0,0)$.

Eje x

The horizontal axis in a coordinate system.

Eje y

The vertical axis in a coordinate system.

Equivalencia de volumen y capacidad

The physical units relationship where $1\,L = 1\,dm^{3}$ and $1\,mL = 1\,cm^{3}$.