chapter 2: cells and organelles

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cholesterol

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Biology

25 Terms

1

cholesterol

precursor to steroid hormones

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2

agonist

binds to receptors + activates receptor

<p>binds to receptors + activates receptor</p>
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3

antagonist

binds but doesn’t activate → blocks agonist from binding

<p>binds but doesn’t activate → blocks agonist from binding</p>
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4

degrees of unsaturation

saturated fatty acids pack more tightly | trans fats pack more tightly than cis

<p>saturated fatty acids pack more tightly | trans fats pack more tightly than cis</p>
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5

simple diffusion

small, uncharged molecules + lipid soluble

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6

facilitated diffusion

large, charged molecules via channel proteins

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7

primary active transport

uses ATP to pump against concentration gradient

<p>uses ATP to pump against concentration gradient</p>
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8

secondary active transport

uses electrochemical gradient to pump across membrane

<p>uses electrochemical gradient to pump across membrane</p>
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9

cytosis

bulk transport of large, hydrophilic molecules → requires energy (active transport)

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10

endocytosis

wrapping around a substance + bringing it inwards via a vesicle/vacuole

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11

phagocytosis

“eating” around solid objects

<p>“eating” around solid objects</p>
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12

pinocytosis

“drinking” around dissolved materials

<p>“drinking” around dissolved materials</p>
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13

receptor-mediated endocytosis

substances bind to receptors in order to absorb

<p>substances bind to receptors in order to absorb</p>
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14

clathrin

protein that coats vesicle

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15

exocytosis

vesicle gets released

<p>vesicle gets released</p>
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16

cytoplasm

organelles + cytosol

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17

nucleus

houses DNA (replication + transcription)

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18

nucleoplasm

cytoplasm of nucleus

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19

nuclear pores

holes in envelope that allow transport of molecules

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20

nuclear lamina

provides structural support + regulation

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21

nucleolus

produces rRNA + assembling ribosomal subunits

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22

ribosomes

not organelle → carries out translation

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23

rough er

continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope, has ribosomes,

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24

smooth er

extension of rough er, produces lipids, steroid hormones, + detoxifies cells

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25
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