Chapter 4 - Ecosystems

Commensalism

________- One species benefits, while the other species is not affected.

Amensalism

________- One species suffers, while the other species is not affected.

Oxygen

________ is released into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

Parasitism

________- One species benefits, the other is harmed.

Competition

________- Prominent in predator- prey relationships.

Mutualism

________- Two species benefit.

Predation

________- Predators hunt and kill prey.

Cellular respiration

________ is the opposite of photosynthesis - glucose in cells is turned into carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy.

Saprotrophism

________- Obtain nutrients from dead or decaying plants.

Temperature

________ and precipitation are determinants of biomes.

Spatial Partitioning

________- where the competing species use the same resource by occupying different areas within the range of the resource.

Morphological Partitioning

________- Where they share the species, but have evolved different structures to use the resources differently.

physical environment

An ecosystem is formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their ________.

diversity of life

A species that contributes to a(n) ________ and whose extinction would lead to an extinction of multiple species.

Limiting factors

Abiotic factors that limit or prevent the growth of a population.

ecological community

Area within a habitat occupied by an organism and includes the function of that organism within a(n) ________.

Plants

________ remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using ________________, converting it into oxygen.

Ecology

Branch of biology that deals with the relations between organisms and their surroundings.

Law of Tolerance

States that the existence, abundance, and distribution of species depends on the tolerance level of each species to both chemical and physical factors.

Competition

_____________ - Prominent in predator-prey relationships.

Mutualism

___________ - Two species benefit

Keystone Species

A species that contributes to a diversity of life and whose extinction would lead to an extinction of multiple species.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that rely on autotrophs are called _______________.

10% Rule

During the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the other, only ___ of energy is transferred - The rest is lost in the form of heat, metabolic processes, and so on.

Biomes

Biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the climate.