APUSH Unit 5 Review

Mrs Frank

What were the justifications for Manifest Destiny?

a belief in the inherent superiority of white Americans, as well as the conviction that they were destined by God to conquer the territories of North America, from sea to shining sea.

What led to the Texas Revolution?

Growing tensions between the groups over slavery, immigration, and customs led to an open rebellion.

Why were some Americans opposed to annexing Texas?

its implications for the balance of power between free states and slave states in the United States Congress.

Who won the election of 1844 and what idea did he campaign upon?

James K. Polk, campaigned upon Manifest Destiny.

What were the causes of the Mexican American war?

the disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip.

Why did some Americans (especially those in the Northeast) oppose the Mexican-American War?

Northern Whigs feared that war would result in the United States gaining new territories in the southwest, which would encourage the expansion of slavery.

What 1848 treaty ended the war, and what were its terms?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo extended the boundaries of the United States west to the Pacific Ocean. This agreement, along with the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, created the southern border of the present-day United States.

Explain the significance of the Wilmot Proviso.

It prohibited the expansion of slavery into any territory acquired by the United States from Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War settlement.

Explain the significance of the Free Soil Party.

supported free grants of public land to settlers and opposed the extension of slavery to the western territories.

Explain the significance of the Compromise of 1850.

the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. Furthermore, California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah.

Why was the Fugitive Slave Act so controversial in the North?

Northerners bristled at the idea of turning their states into a stalking ground for bounty hunters, and many argued the law was tantamount to legalized kidnapping.

Explain the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.

\-repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty.

Explain the factors behind the creation of the Republican Party and the ideas the party promoted.

made to combat the expansion of slavery into American territories after the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Explain major events of Bleeding Kansas and what they showed about the divisive issue of slavery.

murder, mayhem, destruction, and psychological warfare became a code of conduct in Eastern Kansas and Western Missouri-Bleeding Kansas demonstrated that armed conflict over slavery was unavoidable

Based on the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858, how did their views differ on the expansion of slavery, equal rights, and the role of the national government?

(Lincoln)

\-against slavery's expansion, but not calling for immediate emancipation.
\-At first opposed it, but by the end of the civil war greatly agreed with the 13th and 14th amendments
\-Lincoln believed that American democracy meant equal rights and equality of opportunity.

Based on the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858, how did their views differ on the expansion of slavery, equal rights, and the role of the national government?(Douglas)

-He believed that only a state, through the voice of its inhabitants and their elected legislatures, had the right to decide to allow slavery within its borders
-Believed that "Right is of no sex, truth is of no color,"
-He strongly believed in limited government

Why was John Brown's raid at the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry significant?

made any further accommodation between North and South nearly impossible and thus became an important impetus of the Civil War.

Explain how the election of 1860 showed sectional differences and how the South responded to the election.

Because the newly-elected Lincoln would not agree to any extension of slavery. So the final attempt at compromise failed.
The South became outraged because they knew that Lincoln wanted to abolish slavery.

Explain the events surrounding the firing on Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

Why do some historians call the Civil War the first modern war?

widespread use of mechanized and electrified devices like railroad trains, aerial observation, telegraph, photography, torpedoes, mines, ironclad ships and rifles occurred.

What advantages did each side have?(North)

had more farms to provide food for troops. Its land contained most of the country's iron, coal, copper, and gold. The North controlled the seas, and its 21,000 miles of railroad track allowed troops and supplies to be transported wherever they were needed.

What advantages did each side have?(South)

fighting on the defensive in its own territory.

What were the political and military strategies of the Confederacy and the Union?(North)

surround the territory of the South in the Anaconda Plan, blockading the Atlantic Ocean and controlling the Mississippi, to keep goods from going into or out of the South and forcing them to surrender.

What were the political and military strategies of the Confederacy and the Union?(South)

outlast the political will of the (the North) to continue the fighting the war by demonstrating that the war would be long and costly.

What were the border states and why were they significant?

they had remained loyal to the Union even though enslavement was legal within their borders

What were the early major military engagements?

Among the most significant were the First Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Shiloh, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Vicksburg Campaign.

Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation and how effective was it?

With this Proclamation he hoped to inspire all Black people, and enslaved people in the Confederacy in particular, to support the Union cause and to keep England and France from giving political recognition and military aid to the Confederacy

What were the mid-to-later major military engagements and turning points of the war?

The final battle of the Civil War takes place at Palmito Ranch, Texas. It is a Confederate victory.

What was Lincoln's "10 Percent" plan for Reconstruction?

President Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people

What was the Wade-Davis Bill?

Majority of state's white males had to swear loyalty, only whites who didn't fight could vote, any new state had to ban slavery

What was the Freedmen's Bureau?

A Bureau set up to provide support to newly freed slaves

What did the 13th amendment do?

abolished slavery

What did President Johnson require of white Southerners and the Southern state governments in order to be readmitted to the Union ("Presidential Reconstruction")?

The Confederate states would be required to uphold the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery; swear loyalty to the Union; and pay off their war debt.

What were the Black Codes?

laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans

Who were the Radical Republicans and what did they start calling for in early 1866?

believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?

declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."

What is the 14th amendment?

granted citizenship to all who were natural born in the us

What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?

divided the south into 5 military districts

Why was President Johnson impeached?

violated the Tenure of Office Act

Who won the 1868 presidential election & to what political party did he belong?

With the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869), an old-fashioned southern Jacksonian Democrat of pronounced states' rights views.

What is the 15th amendment about?

granted African American men the right to vote

What is sharecropping?

Renting of land to former slaves - limited economic opportunities to former slaves and poor whites in the south.

Rise of the Ku Klux Klan

Wanted to disrupt cleave the Republican Party. Purpose was social control of the black population and to destroy the Republican Party by terrorizing its voters and murdering leaders. Colfax Massacre

How did the U.S. federal government take action against the KKK?

First make it illegal and took actions against it

What things weakened Reconstruction efforts in the 1870s?

The combination of white intimidation, a significant economic depression in the South, and the Democratic Party winning control of the House of Representatives in 1874, resulted in Reconstruction beginning to fade away

what happened in the election of 1876

Basically a tie

What was the Compromise of 1877?

an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election

What was the significance of the Compromise of 1877?

gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the end of Reconstruction in the