Chapter 26: Affluence and Anxiety in the Atomic Age, 1950–1959*

What is Moderate Republicanism?

A political ideology that promises to curb federal government and restore state and local government authority.

Who spearheaded Moderate Republicanism?

President Eisenhower.

Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)

The largest federal project in U.S. history, the act created a national network of interstate highways.

What year was the GI Bill of Rights enacted?

The GI Bill of Rights was enacted in 1944

What benefits did the GI Bill of Rights provide for World War II veterans?

The benefits provided were employment, educational, and financial benefits

What was the purpose of the GI Bill of Rights?

The purpose was to ease the transition of World War II veterans back to the civilian world

Suburbia

Communities formed from the mass migration of middle-class Whites from urban centers.

What are racial covenants?

Clauses inserted into property deeds that prohibit the purchase, lease, or occupation of a property based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

What do racial covenants prohibit?

The purchase, lease, or occupation of a property based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

What is the baby boom?

A markedly high birth rate in the years following World War II.

What demographic event is associated with the baby boom?

The biggest demographic 'bubble' in U.S. history.

Who were the Beats?

The Beats were a group of bohemian writers, artists, and musicians.

What did the Beats flout?

The Beats flouted convention.

What did the Beats favor?

The beats favored liberated forms of self-expression.

What was the landmark Supreme Court case that struck down racial segregation in public schools?

The case was Brown v. Board of Education

What year was the Brown v. Board of Education decision made?

Brown V Board of Education was decided upon in 1954

What doctrine did Brown v. Board of Education declare unconstitutional?

Separate but equal was declared unconstitutional

Massive resistance

A White rallying cry for disrupting federal efforts to enforce racial integration in the South.

What event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?

The event that sparked the Boycott was the arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955.

Where did the Montgomery bus boycott take place?

It took place in Montgomery, Alabama.

Who organized the Montgomery bus boycott?

Civil rights activists organized the boycott.

In what year did the Montgomery bus boycott occur?

The boycott occurred in 1955.

Nonviolent civil disobedience

The tactic of defying unjust laws through peaceful actions championed by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

What does SCLC stand for?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Who formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?

It was formed by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

What approach did the SCLC champion to end segregation?

It chose to achieve an end to segregation through nonviolent direct action

Massive retaliation

A strategy that used the threat of nuclear warfare as a means of combating the global spread of communism.

What is the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)?

An intelligence-gathering government agency.

When was the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) founded?

The CIA was founded in 1947

Under whose orders did the CIA secretly undermine elected governments?

This was done under President Eisenhower's orders.

What was the CIA's goal in undermining elected governments?

Ther goal in undermining elected governments was to combat communism

What is Dien Bien Phu?

Dien Bien Phu is a cluster of Vietnamese villages.

What significant event occurred at Dien Bien Phu?

A major Vietnamese victory over the French in the First Indochina War occurred at Dien Bien Phu

Viet Cong

Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam who launched attacks on the Diem government.

"Falling-domino" theory

The theory that if one country fell to communism, its neighboring countries would necessarily follow suit.

What year did the Suez Crisis occur?

The Suez crisis occurred in 1956

Which countries attacked Egypt during the Suez Crisis?

Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt during this crisis

Who seized control of the Suez Canal, prompting the Suez Crisis?

Gamal Abdel Nasser seized control of the Suez Canal

Which U.S. President intervened in the Suez Crisis?

President Eisenhower intervened in the Suez Crisis

What did President Eisenhower demand during the Suez Crisis?

Eisenhower demanded the withdrawal of British, French, and Israeli forces from the Sinai Peninsula and the Suez Canal