Fundamentals to Programming - Finals reviewer

Java input

It means receiving data from an external source, like the keyboard or a file.

Java output

It prints text or values to the console.

print()

This method prints the given text or value without moving to a new line

println()

It prints the text or value and then moves to the next line.

Sequential Structure

The program executes statements one after another in the exact order

Conditional Statements

These are instructions that help your program make decisions

If statement

It allows you to run a block of code only if a specifies condition is true

If Else statement

It lets you choose between two blocks of code; one runs if true, the other if false.

if-Else-if statement

Allows you to check multiple conditions sequentially. The first true condition’s block runs, and the rest are skipped.

Switch Statement

It lets you select one block of code to execute based on the value of a single variable

Java Loops

are used to repeat a block of code multiple times until a specific condition is met.

for loop

It is a control statement that lets you repeat a block of code a specific number of time.

While loop

it allows you to run a block of code only if a specified condition is true

do-while loop

It is a type of loop that executes the block first, and then checks the condition

Break Statement

Used to immediately exit a loop or switch case, regardless of the remaining iterations or cases.

Break in for loop

It is used when you want to stop looping once a condition is false

Break in while loop

This helps exit early based on a condition that occurs during runtime

Break in do-while loop

It immediately exits the loop when encountered

Break in switch case

It is used to terminate a case block, preventing the execution from falling through

Continue statement

It is used inside loops to skip the rest of the current iteration and jump to the next one

Continue in for loop

It skips the current iteration and moves directly to the update statement

Continue in while loop

It skips the remaining code and jumps to condition check

Continue in do-while loop

It skips at the end of the loop after executing the code

Return statement

It is used inside a method to send a value back to the code that called the method