EAR

A set of 50 vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about anesthesia for otologic surgery, covering anatomy, innervation, procedures, and anesthetic considerations.

External Auditory Canal

The part of the outer ear that channels sound waves to the eardrum.

Eardrum

A membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves, separating the outer ear from the middle ear.

Malleus

The first of the three small bones in the middle ear, also known as the hammer.

Incus

The second of the three bones in the middle ear, also known as the anvil.

Stapes

The third and smallest bone in the middle ear, also known as the stirrup.

Cochlea

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for converting sound waves into nerve impulses.

Eustachian Tube

A tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps equalize ear pressure.

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

The cranial nerve responsible for facial expressions, taste, and innervation of ear muscles.

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

The cranial nerve that carries sensory information from parts of the external ear.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

The nerve that provides sensory innervation to the middle ear via the tympanic branch.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

The cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance.

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A cranial nerve that provides sensory supply to the auricular nerve.

Facial Nerve Paralysis

Temporary weakness in facial muscles caused by injury or surgery with an incidence of 0.6-3.0%.

NIMS Monitor

A nerve integrity monitoring system that tracks motor nerve function during surgery.

Supine Position

A lying position where the patient is on their back, commonly used in ear surgeries.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

An anesthetic gas that can cause changes in middle ear pressure when used.

Pre-meatal Operations

Ear surgeries like stapedectomy using local anesthesia and sedation for less complicated cases.

General Anesthesia

An anesthetic state involving complete unconsciousness, often required for extensive otologic procedures.

Deliberate Hypotension

Controlled reduction of blood pressure to create a bloodless surgical field during ear surgery.

Tympanoplasty

Surgical reconstruction of the tympanic membrane with graft material.

Mastoidectomy

Surgical procedure to remove infected mastoid air cells from the bone behind the ear.

Stapedectomy

Surgical removal of the stapes for treatment of conductive hearing loss.

Myringotomy

An incision in the tympanic membrane to drain fluid and relieve pressure.

Parotidectomy

Surgical removal of the parotid gland, often indicated for tumors.

Frey’s Syndrome

A condition causing sweating and flushing over the preauricular region after eating, related to auriculotemporal nerve damage.

Acoustic Neuroma

A benign tumor on the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) that often leads to hearing loss.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

Common side effects after ear surgeries related to the vestibular system.

Vertigo

A sensation of spinning or dizziness often linked to inner ear disturbances.

Excess Motion

Activity that should be avoided after ear surgeries to prevent complications.

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

A condition that can lead to pressure changes in the middle ear and middle ear complications.

Anesthesia Provider

The healthcare professional responsible for administering anesthesia during surgery.

Cricoid Pressure

A technique used to reduce the risk of aspiration during intubation.

TIVA (Total Intravenous Anesthesia)

Technique of anesthesia delivery using intravenous medications, mainly propofol.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

A measurement of blood pressure during contraction of the heart's ventricles.

Intranasal Fentanyl

A method of administering fentanyl via the nasal route for pain control.

Electrodes for Nerve Monitoring

Devices placed on the face to track nerve function during surgeries involving the ear.

Post-Auricular Approach

A surgical technique accessing the ear from behind the ear for certain otologic procedures.

Trans-Canal Approach

Accessing the middle ear through the ear canal during otologic surgeries.

Muscle Relaxation

Administering medication to relax the muscles, often avoided in ear surgery.

Dexamethasone

A steroid used prophylactically to reduce the chances of nausea in postoperative patients.

Hypotension Risk

A potential complication during surgery when blood pressure is intentionally lowered.

Tympanic Membrane Rupture

A tear in the eardrum often indicated by bright red blood in the ear canal.