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34 Terms

1
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Structuralism

Focuses on the structure of the mind and the basic elements of consciousness.

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Cognitive Psychology

The primary focus is on the processes of thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

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Longitudinal Study

Research method involving studying the same individuals over an extended period of time.

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Object Permanence

Piaget's cognitive stage where the understanding of object permanence occurs, typically in the Sensorimotor stage.

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N3 (Deep Sleep)

Stage of sleep most crucial for physical restoration and recovery.

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Thalamus

Brain structure primarily responsible for processing sensory information and relaying it to appropriate areas.

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Serotonin

Neurotransmitter strongly associated with mood regulation; its imbalance is linked to depression.

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Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson’s stage where contributing to society and future generations in middle adulthood is a key focus.

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Cones

Type of receptor in the eye that detects light and is responsible for color vision.

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Neuroplasticity

The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself in response to experience.

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Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response.

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Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Vygotsky's concept indicating the range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance but not independently.

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Perceptual Set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another; for example, seeing a face in cloud formations.

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Accommodation

Piaget's concept of altering existing schemas when encountering new information; differs from assimilation, which involves integrating new information into existing schemas.

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Stages of Sleep

The main stages of sleep include NREM and REM sleep, which contribute to physical and mental health.

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Attachment Theory

Explains how a child’s behavior, such as self-esteem issues, is influenced by the type of attachment formed with caregivers.

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Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

The stage most related to the child's development in the scenario is 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.'

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Social and Emotional Outcomes

Children from authoritarian households may experience low self-esteem and anxiety in adolescence and adulthood.

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Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Likely leads to decreased cognitive performance in areas such as memory recall, attention, and problem-solving.

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Circadian Rhythms

Biological mechanisms contributing to sleep patterns and overall health.

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Brain Regions Involved

Regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are involved in memory and attention.

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Research Design for Intelligence

A twin study design is recommended to study the interaction of nature and nurture in intelligence.

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Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors can affect gene expression, impacting cognitive abilities.

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Biopsychosocial Approach

An approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior and outcomes.

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Sensory Adaptation

The process by which our sensitivity to sensory stimuli decreases over time when exposed to constant stimuli.

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Auditory System

The system involved in processing sound, including areas such as the auditory cortex.

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Neural Communication Process

Altered due to constant exposure, affecting how sound stimuli are processed.

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Erikson's Stage of Stagnation

The stage the 60-year-old man is experiencing, indicating a lack of contribution to society.

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Cognitive Factors in Crisis

Memory, problem-solving, and social relationships contribute to the man's experience of stagnation.

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Strategies for Navigating Stagnation

Counseling strategies can help foster a sense of generativity and contribution.

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Nature and Nurture Relationship

The interplay of genetic inheritance and environmental influences in shaping behavior, cognitive abilities, and emotional well-being.

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Epigenetics in Development

Refers to how environmental factors can impact gene expression throughout the lifespan.

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Biopsychosocial Examples

Illustrates how biological, psychological, and social factors interact in human development.