Untitled Flashcards Set

Structuralism

Structuralism

Focuses on the structure of the mind and the basic elements of consciousness.

Cognitive Psychology

The primary focus is on the processes of thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Longitudinal Study

Research method involving studying the same individuals over an extended period of time.

Object Permanence

Piaget's cognitive stage where the understanding of object permanence occurs, typically in the Sensorimotor stage.

N3 (Deep Sleep)

Stage of sleep most crucial for physical restoration and recovery.

Thalamus

Brain structure primarily responsible for processing sensory information and relaying it to appropriate areas.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter strongly associated with mood regulation; its imbalance is linked to depression.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson’s stage where contributing to society and future generations in middle adulthood is a key focus.

Cones

Type of receptor in the eye that detects light and is responsible for color vision.

Neuroplasticity

The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself in response to experience.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Vygotsky's concept indicating the range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance but not independently.

Perceptual Set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another; for example, seeing a face in cloud formations.

Accommodation

Piaget's concept of altering existing schemas when encountering new information; differs from assimilation, which involves integrating new information into existing schemas.

Stages of Sleep

The main stages of sleep include NREM and REM sleep, which contribute to physical and mental health.

Attachment Theory

Explains how a child’s behavior, such as self-esteem issues, is influenced by the type of attachment formed with caregivers.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

The stage most related to the child's development in the scenario is 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.'

Social and Emotional Outcomes

Children from authoritarian households may experience low self-esteem and anxiety in adolescence and adulthood.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Likely leads to decreased cognitive performance in areas such as memory recall, attention, and problem-solving.

Circadian Rhythms

Biological mechanisms contributing to sleep patterns and overall health.

Brain Regions Involved

Regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are involved in memory and attention.

Research Design for Intelligence

A twin study design is recommended to study the interaction of nature and nurture in intelligence.

Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors can affect gene expression, impacting cognitive abilities.

Biopsychosocial Approach

An approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior and outcomes.

Sensory Adaptation

The process by which our sensitivity to sensory stimuli decreases over time when exposed to constant stimuli.

Auditory System

The system involved in processing sound, including areas such as the auditory cortex.

Neural Communication Process

Altered due to constant exposure, affecting how sound stimuli are processed.

Erikson's Stage of Stagnation

The stage the 60-year-old man is experiencing, indicating a lack of contribution to society.

Cognitive Factors in Crisis

Memory, problem-solving, and social relationships contribute to the man's experience of stagnation.

Strategies for Navigating Stagnation

Counseling strategies can help foster a sense of generativity and contribution.

Nature and Nurture Relationship

The interplay of genetic inheritance and environmental influences in shaping behavior, cognitive abilities, and emotional well-being.

Epigenetics in Development

Refers to how environmental factors can impact gene expression throughout the lifespan.

Biopsychosocial Examples

Illustrates how biological, psychological, and social factors interact in human development.