Mammals and primates

Characteristics of mammals

Hair

Mammary glands

Teeth

Bones have epiphyses

Diaphragm

Four chambered heart

Homeotherms

Function of hair

insulation

camouflage

signalling/warning

sensory function

3 types of mammary glands

abdominal

thoracic

inguinal

Mammalian teeth

Socketed (thecodont) and differentiated (heterodont)

mammalian classification

Subclass Prototheria

Subclass Theria

Subclass Prototheria

order monotremata - egg laying mammals - echidnas and platypus

Subclass Theria

Infraclasses Metatheria (marsupials) and Eutheria (placental animals)

Orders Didelphimorphia and Paucituberculata

The opossums

The shrew opossums

Oldest primate fossil

Archicebus achilles

55 mya

Primate groups

Prosimians

Anthropoidea

Prosimians

Lemuriformes (lemurs)

Lorisiformes (bush babies)

Anthropoidea

Tarisiiformes (tarsiers)

Platyrrhini (new world simians) - Cebidae (true monkeys), Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins)

Cataarrhini (old world simians) - Cercopithecoidea (OW monkeys)

Hominoids (apes and humans)

how much of our alleles to humans share with chimps?

98%

Hominids 5.8-5.2 mya

Ardipithecus kadabba

Hominid 4.4 mya

Ardipithecus ramidus

Australopithecus afarensis

Hominid - 2.9-39 mya

900000 years of species survival

homo habilis

Hominid 2.4-1.4 mya

Homo erectus

1.9 mya - 143000 years ago - rafts/fire -greater intelligence

Homo neanderthalensis

400,000 - 40,000 years ago closest extinct human relative

Homo sapiens

100,000 years ago - present - increased brain size