1.6 muscle & tendon

aponeurosis of muscle

aponeurosis of muscle

connects muscle to bone or tendon

epimysium

binds the muscle belly together

sarcolemma

specialised cell membrane on muscle cells

fascicles

bundles of muscle fibres/cells, forming the muscle belly

perimysium

binds each fascicle into bundles

1?

tendon

2?

aponeurosis

3?

epimysium

4?

perimysium

5?

structure = fascicle membrane = sarcolemma

6?

endomysium

7?

myofibril

sarcomere

basic contractile unit of a myocyte (muscle fibre)

what is this structure? what is the pink? what is the yellow?

pink = myosin yellow = actin

cardiac muscle structure

striated single central nucleus involuntary irregular arrangement with intercalated disks

smooth muscle structure

no striations single nucleus involuntary longer contractions

"force"

push or pull on an object, causing it to change velocity

formula for 'work done'

force x Δdistance

*Δ = change in

formula for 'power'

Δwork/Δtime

pennate muscle

muscle fibres at an angle to internal tendon/aponeurosis increases physiological cross sectional area (which is proportional to force)

parallel muscle

fibres run parallel to line of pull more sarcomeres in series potential for increased velocity of contraction (speed = distance/time) found where a limb needs movement

tenocytes

tendon cells look like lines (histology)

tendon hierarchy

fascicles -> sub fascicles -> collagen fibres -> collagen fibrils

roles of tendon (5)

• minimising distal limb mass (e.g. horse)

• joins muscle to bone (transmitting muscle fore to skeleton)

• elastic energy storage

• energy conservation

• power amplification

long tendons are often coupled with pennate muscles for better power amplification (t/f)

true

stretched tendons recoil faster than a muscle shortens (t/f)

true