AP Euro Age of Absolutism and the Enlightenment

The Fronde

A failed series of civil wars in France from 1648-1653, in which the nobility and populace of Paris rose against King Louis XIII because of his growing power

Jean_Baptiste Colbert

French economist that under Louis XIV made France stupid rich through means such as mercantilism.

King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu was the one really in power, being King Louis’ minister from 1624-1642. Together they helped centralize the power in France and weaken the power of the Habsburgs in Europe.

Siege of Vienna

Austrians under Leopold I successfully repelled Turks from gates of Vienna. This was the last attempt by the Ottoman Empire to take central Europe.

Peter the great

This was the tzar of Russia that Westernized Russia. He did things such as force western fashion, built St. Petersburg as a western style city.

English Civil war

1642-1649. Cavaliers V.S. Roundheads. Roundheads win.

Causes; Charles I (r. 1625-1649) tried to get more power from parliament and become more of an absolute monarch. He did this by forcing Anglicanism on the people. This led to many of the puritans fleeing the country, He claimed divine right which was very unpopular with the parliament, Forced taxes on land owners, Attempted to tax without the permission of parliament. He also kept disbanding parliament.

Oliver Cromwell

An absolutist dictator. He came after the English civil war and tried to run England more like Calvinist Geneva. He was hated.

English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, established a constitutional monarchy in England by outlining specific rights of Parliament and individuals. It limited the powers of the monarch, asserting that the king or queen could not override or create laws without Parliament's consent. Key provisions include the right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and cruel punishments, and the guarantee of free elections. This document laid the foundation for modern democracy and influenced many future human rights documents.

King Louis XIV

Known as the Sun King, Louis XIV reigned from 1643 to 1715 and is often regarded as the epitome of absolute monarchy in France. He centralized power, reducing the influence of the nobility and making the monarchy the central authority. Louis XIV moved the royal court to Versailles, which became a symbol of his power and a center of political intrigue. Under his reign, France experienced significant cultural and military expansion, as he sought to increase French influence in Europe through wars and diplomacy. However, his aggressive policies and the immense costs of his wars ultimately led to financial difficulties for France after his death.

Palace of Versailles

Large French palace that was a symbol of what every absolutist in Europe strived for. He also used the palace to humiliate and distract nobles so that they were more subservient to Louis XIV.

King James I

really wanted American colonies. religious conflict during his reign.

Gentry

People who owned land

The glorious revolution

made England a constitutional monarchy

Mannerism

art style, very religious

Baroque

Theoretical, contrasting, naturalism, secular funding.

Montesque

the man that believed in 3 separate branches of goverment

Voltaire

A writer that criticized Christianity and slavery. Promoted separation of church and state.

Diderot

Diderot the encyclopedia.

John Locke

Natural rights maker. Reiterated humanist perspectives.

Reasseu

Belived that humans were naturally good and the government should give them space. Also hated women.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Feminist, wrote the vindication of rights of women.

Salon

intellectual gatherings where ideas were exchanged. Hosted by women.

social contract

rulers can’t rule without the peoples concent.

Psylocrat, Adam Smith, Lazzie Faire.

economic chill. foundations for capitalism.

Deism

The idea that God created the universe but dosen’’t influence stuff.

Skepticism

The idea that “is God real?’

Atheism

duh

Pietism

Promoted personnel warship

Emile

A sexist text written by Rousseau. It promoted a “scientific” inferiority of women.