Spanish 1010 Chapter 1 Study Guide

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Spanish 1010 Chapter 1 grammar rules, articles, subject pronouns, ser conjugation, and adjective agreement.

Plural Nouns (ending in a vowel)

Formed by adding -s to words ending in a vowel.

Plural Nouns (ending in a consonant)

Formed by adding -es to words ending in a consonant.

Plural Nouns (ending in -z)

Formed by changing a final -z to -c and adding -es.

Masculine Noun Endings

Nouns ending in -o tend to be masculine, as well as those ending in -tor, -dor, and most -l or -r endings.

Feminine Noun Endings

Nouns ending in -a tend to be feminine, as well as those ending in -ción, -sión, -tad, and -dad.

hay

Means "there is" or "there are" and can be used as a statement or a question (e.g., "Hay libros en la clase." or "¿Hay libros en la clase?").

Definite Articles

Articles that refer to something specific and translate to "the" in English (el, la, los, las).

Indefinite Articles

Articles that refer to something not specific and translate to "a," "an," or "some" in English (un, una, unos, unas).

Definite and Indefinite Articles Chart

Reference table listing singular and plural forms for masculine and feminine definite articles (el, la, los, las) and indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas).

tú

Singular informal subject pronoun meaning "you", used with someone familiar, someone of the same age, or a friend or close family member.

usted (Ud.)

Singular formal subject pronoun meaning "you", used to show respect with someone much older, strangers, a boss or teacher, or in a business setting.

vosotros / vosotras

Plural subject pronoun meaning "you all (familiar)", used exclusively in Spain.

ustedes (Uds.)

Plural subject pronoun meaning "you all", used in Latin America to address groups both formally and informally.

ellos vs. ellas

Ellos means "they" referring to all males or a mixed group, while ellas means "they" referring to all females.

Subject Pronouns Chart

Summary table of Spanish subject pronouns for singular (yo, tú, usted, él, ella) and plural forms (nosotros/nosotras, vosotros/vosotras, ustedes, ellos, ellas).

ser

Verb meaning "to be", used to describe what someone is like, identify someone or something, or say where someone is from.

Conjugation of ser Chart

Table showing present-tense forms of ser: yo soy, tú eres, usted es, él/ella es, nosotros/nosotras somos, vosotros/vosotras sois, ustedes son, ellos/ellas son.

Adjective Agreement

Rule stating that adjectives must agree (match) with the nouns they describe in both gender and number.

Adjectives ending in -o

Adjectives that change ending based on gender and number: masculine singular -o (simpático), feminine singular -a (simpática), masculine plural -os (simpáticos), feminine plural -as (simpáticas).

Adjectives ending in -a or -e

Adjectives whose singular form remains identical for both masculine and feminine (e.g., idealista, sociable) and add -s or -es for plural forms (idealistas, sociables).

Adjectives ending in -or

An exception to consonant-ending adjectives: masculine forms end in -or (trabajador / trabajadores) while feminine forms add -a or -as (trabajadora / trabajadoras).

Adjective Agreement Chart

Table displaying rules and singular/plural masculine and feminine examples for Spanish adjectives.