OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (ENT) PRELIM EXAM (1st Semester)

These sensory organ of rotations are found in the ampullae of semicircular canal and sense angular acceleration and deceleration.

Crista

A 25 year old female with normal hearing acquire will have temporal xray that is

well pneumatized

Subjective loudness of sound in decibels

amplitude

What happens when the stereocilia bend toward the kinocilium?

Increase stimulation of the afferent nerve (depolarization)

Nerve impulse travels to this structure after the cochlear nuclei

Superior Olivary Complex

From the lateral lemniscus, the nerve impulse travel to this structure:

Inferior Colliculus

CN VII passes through

IAM

Intracranial site susceptible to infection

Mastoid

Localized conduction block nerve...axoplasmic flow

Neuropraxia

A patient presents with sudden-onset unilateral facial paralysis accompanied by pain around the ear, typically following a recent viral infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bell’s palsy

During caloric testing irrigation with cold and lukewarm water stimulate semicircular canal

horizontal

Ct scan of mandible normal, HGB 6, plt 7, wbc 345,000 with blast cells

Leukemia

Senior high school with frequent middle ear infection. retraction pocket in the epitympanum on the left ear

Rhinitis

A case of recurrent otitis media, with no further medical management, is described as:

Adhesive otitis media

A 3 year old consulted because of a 10x9cm nontender, fluctuant, cystic mass. The lesion is:

Congenital

A 3-year-old child consults due to a 10 × 9 cm, non-tender, fluctuant, cystic mass on the left lateral neck. The lesion is most likely:

Congenital

Patient with exudate on left palatine tonsil, ipsilateral ear pain, tympanic membranes intact. Referred ear pain in recurrent tonsillitis is due to what nerve affected

Jacobson

During surgery, dissection should be confined in the medial aspect of the sphenoid sinus since encroachment of the lateral boundary of the sinus may lead to the injury of:

Optic and Internal Carotid Artery

Saccharine test taste?

sweet

Which structure, known as the osteomeatal unit, serves as the key area in the development of sinusitis?

Ethmoid and Frontal

Which of the ff sinuses drains the Middle meatus?

Ethmoid maxillary

Trephination is a procedure to tap or access the ____ sinus to get a specimen especially in the process of a mucocele.

Maxillary

What is the lateral nasal wall lamella which forms part of the anterior ethmoid air cells and its superior border serves as a guide for identification of the frontal recess located anteriorly called:

ethmoid bulla

Posterior epitaxis bleeding due to from what artery?

Sphenopalatine

Artery supplying blood to the Anterosuperior portion that forms the Kisselbach plexus, most common site of anterior epistaxis?

Anterior and posterior ethmoid

In young children, periorbital cellulitis due to ethmoid sinusitis happen due to:

Immaturity of bones and suture lines

Pain and temperature sensation of the nose comes fr

CN5

A 59-year-old man with a 10-year history of smoking presents with lateral epistaxis. From which area does this type of bleeding most commonly originate?

Nasopharynx

In septoplasty, which of the following will lead to saddle nose or flat nose if the entire portion is removed?

Quadrangular plate

To control and manage posterior epistaxis, which of the following are necessary for posterior packing?

Foley catheter

A strong bony lamina postero-inferior portion of the nasal septum

Vomer

Which of the following is characteristic of nasal polyps compared to turbinates?

Does not decrease size with oxymetazoline

Which of the following sinus has an hour glass appearance of lateral view x-ray?

Sphenoid

A benign lesion that is histologically characterized by vascular epithelium-lined spaces embedded in fibrous stroma that is typically seen in young adolescent males.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

The sphenopalatine artery that supplies the posterior portion of nasal cavity comes from what artery?

Maxillary

Compared with turbinates, nasal polyps

Can be seen on lateral of the nasal wall

History of several surgeries with recurrent nasal polyposis may develop to

Atopic rhinitis

Nasal polyps are often found associated in patients with?

Cystic fibrosis

The most common cause of unilateral, foul smelling, purulent nasal discharge in children is

foreign body

Signs of fever, nausea, vomiting in nasal packing is indicative of

Toxic shock syndrome

The auricle is primarily composed of which type of tissue?

Cartilage

Primary blood supply of auricle

Superficial temporal

What is the membrane that separates the middle and inner ear?

Oval window

Which structure of the inner ear contains the "organ of corti" containing hair cells that are involved in detecting sound vibrations?

Scala media

Most common imaging modality for the evaluation of the bony structure of the ear

Ct scan

The vestibule of the inner is primarily involved in

linear acceleration

Tympanometry is a diagnostic test used to assess:

Middle ear pressure and tympanic membrane mobility

Rinne tuning fork test compares:

Bone conduction from air conduction of patient

Weber test is used to determine:

The localization of sound to assess unilateral hearing loss

Otoacoustic emission (OAE) testing is primarily used to assess?

B.

Which procedure is typically performed to COM with effusion

myringotomy with tube insertion

Cochlear implant are most beneficial for px with

Sensorineural hearing loss

Primary function of eustachian tube

Equalize air pressure in your middle ear

Cochlear implants are primarily indicated in patients with which type of hearing loss?

Sensorineural hearing loss

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the eustachian tube?

Equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the external environment

The organ of corti, which is located in the inner ear, functions which among the following.

conversion of sound vibrations into electrical signals

A 5-year-old patient is diagnosed with acute otitis media. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Oral amoxicillin

Hearing loss after scuba diving, retracted tympanic membrane, visible fluid filled, decrease motility on pneumatoscope

Barotrauma induced otitis media with effusion: conservative management with observation

A 4-year-old girl presents with fever and irritability. Otoscopic examination reveals a bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane with loss of the light reflex. What is the most appropriate treatment?

High-dose amoxicillin

28yo construction worker, hearing loss left ear after being exposed to loud explosion at work. Diagnosis and treatment

Noise induced sensorineural hearing loss

A 45-year-old patient presents with chronic ear discharge, hearing loss, and a pearly-white mass in the middle ear. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiological process involved?

Accumulation of keratinizing squamous epithelium

A patient with chronic suppurative otitis media presents with persistent ear discharge despite initial antibiotic therapy. What is the next best step in management?

Initiate topical antibiotic ear drops

Complication of untreated nasal vestibulitis

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

First line of treatment for nasal polyp 1 and 2

nasal corticosteroids

Common site of anterior epistaxis

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Recurrent posterior epistaxis. What artery is involved?

Splenopalatine

Recurrent epistaxis in young adolescent male.

Juvenile angiofibroma

Most of the blood supply of the nasal septum originates from

Sphenopalatine

Which imaging modality is used to assess for chronic sinusitis when initial treatment fails

MRI

Which is the most useful in diagnosing allergic rhinitis?

Nasal endoscopy

Best initial diagnostic approach for unilateral obstruction and facial pain?

Nasal endoscopy

Patient with a history of chronic rhinosinusitis presents with persistent unilateral nasal obstruction despite medical management. Endoscopy reveals a firm, vascular mass. What is the best next step in management?

Order a CT scan to assess the extent of the mass

In patients with severe nasal obstruction due to nasal polyps unresponsive to medical therapy, which factor would consider first before opting to surgical intervention?

Patients history of aspirin sensitivity and asthma

A 60-year-old man with known allergic rhinitis presents with worsening nasal congestion and clear mucoid discharge despite antihistamines. What is the best next management?

nasal corticosteroid

None or mild vertigo

Central nystagmus

Tinnitus

Peripheral

Vertical nystagmus

Central

Nystagmus visible even when eyes are closed

Downbeat nystagmus

Fatigability

Peripheral

Acute Labyrinthitis

Peripheral

Often chronic

Peripheral

Ventral nystagmus

Central