Unit 2 Full Guide

What is population distribution?

The spatial arrangement of people across the Earth's surface.

What are the factors influencing population distribution?

Physical, economic, political, and social factors.

What is arithmetic density?

Total population divided by total land area.

What does carrying capacity refer to?

The maximum population that an area can support.

How does climate affect population distribution?

Moderate climates attract more people, while extreme climates deter settlement.

What is urbanization?

The growth of cities due to population movement.

What are the consequences of overcrowding in urban areas?

Housing shortages, increased cost of living, and pressure on services.

What is dependency ratio?

The ratio of dependents (young and elderly) to the working-age population.

What defines a youthful population?

A population with a high percentage of individuals under the age of 15.

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

A model explaining population growth patterns in four to five stages.

What are push factors in migration?

Reasons people leave their home country, such as conflict or lack of resources.

What is neo-Malthusianism?

Modern concerns about overpopulation and resource depletion.

What is the difference between refugees and internally displaced persons (IDP)?

Refugees are forced to flee their country, while IDPs are forced to move within their own country.

What are pro-natalist policies?

Government strategies to encourage population growth.

What is the carrying capacity of an environment?

The maximum population an environment can sustain.

What social impact can high population density have on cultural aspects?

Can lead to cultural diversity but also tensions over resources.

What is meant by brain drain?

The loss of skilled workers from a country.

How does higher female education impact fertility rates?

Higher education leads to lower fertility rates.

What is the significance of remittances in migration?

Money sent home by migrants, boosting local economies.

What can be a consequence of aging populations?

A higher dependency ratio and increased demand for elder care.

What are pull factors in migration?

Reasons that attract people to move to a new place, such as job opportunities.

What is the relationship between GDP and dependency ratio?

A low dependency ratio is often beneficial for economic growth.

What is cultural composition in population studies?

Refers to the ethnic diversity affecting language, religion, and social cohesion.

How can economic opportunities influence population distribution?

Cities with jobs attract more people, leading to higher population density.

What is the formula for Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?

Birth Rate – Death Rate = NIR.

What did Thomas Robert Malthus theorize?

Population growth tends to outpace the growth of food production, leading to crises.

How can migration policies affect a country’s economy?

Open immigration policies can benefit economically, while restrictive ones can lead to labor shortages.

What challenges do societies face with aging populations?

Higher dependency ratios, strain on healthcare systems, and labor shortages.

What is agricultural intensification?

Increasing food production through advanced techniques.

What does the term urban-rural political divide refer to?

Differences in priorities and policies between urban and rural populations.