Chapter 10: Meiosis: The Basis of Sexual Reproduction

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to meiosis and sexual reproduction, providing definitions and explanations to aid in studying for the exam.

Genetic Variability

Variation in genetic makeup, originating from mutations and alleles, generated significantly through sexual reproduction.

Homologous Chromosomes

Paired chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Karyotype

A visual representation of the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n).

Haploid

A cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n).

Crossing Over

A genetic recombination process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Nondisjunction

An error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Trisomy 21

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, commonly known as Down Syndrome.

Evolutionary Advantage

Benefits that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction, often discussed in the context of genetic diversity.

C Value Paradox

The observation that genome size does not appear to correlate with organismal complexity.