Hongos

Amphotericin B binds to _________, forming _____ in the fungal membrane → leads to cell death

ergosterol, pores

What are the indications and adverse effects of amphotericin B?

First-line for cryptococcal meningitis, mucormycosis, invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis. (crosses BBB)

Nephrotoxic

What is the mechanism of voriconazole?

Triazole that inhibits 14-α-demethylase (Erg11) → blocks ergosterol synthesis.

What are the uses and side effects of voriconazole?

First-line for invasive aspergillosis.

Side effects: visual disturbances, photosensitivity, teratogenic in the first trimester.
Mnemonic: "V for Visual impairment."

What is ketoconazole used for and what are its side effects?

Mostly topical → used for tinea versicolor, pityriasis versicolor, Cushing syndrome.
Side effects: gynecomastia, hypokalemia

What are the uses of fluconazole?

Used for all types of candidiasis (not 1st line for systemic), maintenance therapy in cryptococcal meningitis, and Candida prophylaxis in transplant/immunocompromised patients

What is the mechanism and indication of caspofungin?

Inhibits β-1,3-D-glucan synthase → blocks fungal cell wall synthesis.
First-line for invasive candidiasis, second-line for invasive aspergillosis

What combination is used to treat cryptococcal meningoencephalitis?

Amphotericin B + flucytosine, followed by fluconazole

What enzyme is targeted by triazole antifungals?

Erg11