ENG 1 | M1 | PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 1 (YEAR 1 - SEM 1 - PRELIMS)

Is the intentional use of communication to achieve a specific purpose with a particular audience and in a particular situation.

Purposive Communication

Is the process of transmitting, exchanging, and interpreting information, ideas, feelings, or meaning between people.

Communication

Uses spoken or written words to convey ideas, information, feelings, or instructions.

Verbal Communication

Conveys meaning through behavior, movement, facial expression, voice qualities, space, and objects.

Non-Verbal Communication

Specialized language used by people in a particular profession or field.

Jargon Communication

Special language, vocabulary, or expressions used by a particular social group or community.

Argot Communication

Language used to discuss broad ideas, concepts, or meanings that cannot be directly touched or seen.

Abstract Communication

4 Elements of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Vocalics / Paralanguage

2. Proxemics

3. Movement / Kinesics

4. Artifacts

Volume, tone, pitch, rate, and pauses.

Vocalics / Paralanguage

Use of physical space and interpersonal distance.

Proxemics

Posture, gestures, facial expressions, and body language.

Movement / Kinesics

Objects, clothing, possessions, and appearance that may convey meaning.

Artifacts

4 Functions of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Substituting

2. Reinforcing

3. Regulating

4. Contradicting

An action replaces words. Example: a thumbs-up can communicate approval.

Substituting

A gesture or expression adds emphasis to spoken words.

Reinforcing

Signals help control the flow of interaction, such as raising a hand to speak.

Regulating

Non-verbal behavior conflicts with the spoken message, creating mixed signals.

Contradicting

6 Ways Non-Verbal Signals Work

1. Emphasize

2. Repeat

3. Substitute

4. Regulate

5. Contradict

6. Complement

Gestures, vocal changes, or pauses highlight important words.

Emphasize

The signal repeats the spoken meaning, such as saying “yes” while nodding.

Repeat

A gesture communicates without words.

Substitute

Eye contact, gestures, or vocal cues help manage turn-taking.

Regulate

Facial expression or tone may send a different message from the words.

Contradict

Non-verbal cues add emotional or contextual meaning to spoken content

Complement

The Communication Process

1. Sender

2. Encoding

3. Message

4. Channel

5. Receiver

6. Decoding

7. Feedback

8. Process

The person or source who initiates the communication.

Sender

Turning an idea into words, symbols, gestures, or other signals.

Encoding

The information, idea, feeling, request, or instruction being sent.

Message

The medium used to carry the message, such as speech, email, phone, or video.

Channel

The person for whom the message is intended.

Receiver

Interpreting the message and assigning meaning.

Decoding

The receiver’s response showing how the message was understood.

Feedback

Other Factors in Communication

1. Noise

2. Context

Any interference that affects a message (Internal and External Noise) phone static, distractions, unclear wording, language barriers, assumptions, or misunderstanding a cultural practice.

Noise

The setting and situation in which communication occurs. It may be physical, social, cultural, academic, or organizational.

Context

The 7 C’s of Effective Communication

1. Completeness

2. Conciseness

3. Consideration

4. Clarity

5. Correctness

6. Concreteness

7. Courtesy

Include the information the receiver needs.

Completeness

Say the important idea in as few words as practical.

Conciseness

Prepare the message with the receiver’s needs in mind.

Consideration

Make the intended meaning easy to understand.

Clarity

Use accurate facts, suitable language, and sound mechanics.

Correctness

Use specific, definite, vivid information rather than vague claims.

Concreteness

Show respect and a sincere reader-centered attitude.

Courtesy

It respects truth, people, responsibilities, and the effects of messages on others.

Ethical Communication

4 Ethical Principles

1. Honesty

2. Openness to Other Views

3. Commitment

4. Consensus Building

It means communicating truthfully and not deliberately misleading others. In practice: Provide relevant information accurately. Do not distort facts merely to protect short-term interests.

Honesty

Be willing to hear diverse ideas and opinions, including views you disagree with.

Openness to Other Views

Give communication the time and resources needed for thorough discussion and feedback.

Commitment

Focus on shared organizational goals and seek workable agreement rather than status or personal advantage.

Consensus Building