Adult Health Exam 3

endo/heme/disasters/blood transfusions

What is Anemia characterized by?

Reduction in RBCs, hemoglobin (Hgb), and/or hematocrit (Hct) leading to a variety of clinical signs.

Name two types of microcytic anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia.

What are common clinical manifestations (CM) of Anemia?

Yellowing of eyes, pale/cold skin, shortness of breath (SOB), weakness, fatigue, and dizziness.

What is the primary treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Oral ferrous sulfate for mild cases; IV iron for severe cases.

What pathology is associated with Sickle Cell Anemia?

A genetic disorder that causes hemoglobin (HgbS) to distort RBC shape in response to decreased O2.

What is a common nursing intervention for patients with Sickle Cell Anemia during a crisis?

Pain management, hydration, and oxygen supplementation.

What is Polycythemia Vera?

A disorder characterized by the proliferation of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, leading to hyperviscosity of blood.

Identify a key characteristic of Thrombocytopenia.

Decreased platelet count; risk for bleeding increases with counts LESS than 20k

What does a high level of TSH and low levels of T3 and T4 indicate?

Hypothyroidism.

What is the treatment priority for Addison's Disease?

Restoring blood volume and replacing hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids).

What is the first action to take in the event of a transfusion reaction?

Stop the transfusion and remove the blood tubing.

In the event of an acute adrenal crisis, what clinical manifestations might a patient show?

Vomiting, abdominal pain, low glucose, high potassium, severe hypotension.

What does a diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma typically reveal?

Overgrowth of plasma cells that produce excess antibodies leading to kidney dysfunction and bone destruction.

Classic symptom of Hyperthyroidism.

Weight loss, nervousness, increased heart rate, and heat intolerance.

What does the term 'Gigantism' refer to in endocrine disorders?

Hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty leading to increased height.

What condition is often treated with corticosteroids after thyroid surgery?

Hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency.

What is the most effective method of diagnosing lymphoma?

Lymph node biopsy.

What dietary restriction is typically recommended for patients with Hyperparathyroidism?

Limiting calcium-rich foods.

What kind of monitoring is critical for patients post-adrenalectomy?

Close observation for hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroid symptoms.

What is the primary characteristic of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)?

Abnormal cell formation in the bone marrow leading to decreased blood cell types.

What lab findings suggest Thalassemia?

Low RBC count with microcytic hypochromic red blood cells on a CBC.

How is the diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome confirmed?

At least two abnormal test results from serum cortisol, urinary cortisol, or dexamethasone suppression tests.

What major complication can arise from untreated Hyperthyroid conditions?

Thyroid storm, a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperdevelopment of symptoms.

Which condition is characterized by a severe drop in blood pressure after ACTH administration?

Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis.