Chapter 19: Stress and Mental Health

Which intervention would be most effective for friends and family members to implement in order to boost the self-esteem of a person who has just experienced trauma or abuse?

a) To help them to refocus their view of themselves from being victims to being survivors

b) To identify a list of support people or activities in the community

c) To remind them to calm down when they appear to be experiencing a flashback

d) To encourage them to tell their story repeatedly to everyone they meet

a) To help them to refocus their view of themselves from being victims to being survivors

A nurse is meeting with a young woman who has recently lost her mother and her job and has moved with her husband to a new city. The client is complaining of acute anxiety and depression. What does the nurse know that would be helpful to this client?

a) Acute anxiety and depression are seldom associated with stress.

b) Sometimes too many stressors disrupt homeostasis, and, if adaptation fails, the result is disease.

c) Adaptation often fails during stressful events and results in homeostasis.

d) Stress is a part of our lives, and, eventually, this young woman will adapt.

b) Sometimes too many stressors disrupt homeostasis, and, if adaptation fails, the result is disease.

A nurse is interviewing several clients who survived a school shooting ten years ago when they were in high school. Which clients should the nurse identify as having achieved adaptation following this event? Select all that apply.

a) Single father with a history of spousal abuse.

b) Nurse manager for the local hospital.

c) Married, mother of three, who is a stay at home mother.

d) Father of two who works in a tire store and has a second job as a mechanic.

e) Local lawyer with a history of drug addiction.

b) Nurse manager for the local hospital.

c) Married, mother of three, who is a stay at home mother.

d) Father of two who works in a tire store and has a second job as a mechanic.

A nurse is describing a client having a Type B personality. The nurse is describing the client as ...

a) Tense

b) Outgoing

c) Restless

d) Relaxed

d) Relaxed

The nurse is seeing a client who is the primary caregiver for a parent with dementia. The client reports having a low mood and anxiety. The client tells the nurse, "I think I am completely burnt out." Select the nurse's best response.

a) "What has helped you in the past when you have felt like this?"

b) "Do you think it is time to send your parent to a respite caregiver?"

c) "Can other family members step in to look after your parent?"

d) "Should you be taking anti-anxiolytic medication to manage these feelings?"

a) "What has helped you in the past when you have felt like this?"

A client being evaluated in the emergency room can not speak logically or follow directions. The client's family states she has been under a great deal of stress for about six months. Which of the following stages of Selye's stress adaptation stages is the client experiencing?

a) Exhaustion

b) Alarm

c) Deliberation

d) Resistance

a) Exhaustion

A 35-year-old women comes to the local health center with a large mass in her right breast. She has felt the lump for about a year but was afraid to come to the clinic because she was sure it was cancer. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

a) Compromised family coping

b) Ineffective coping

c) Self-esteem disturbance

d) Ineffective denial

b) Ineffective coping

A client who has been admitted for an appendectomy states, "I'm really afraid of the surgery because my mother died when she was admitted for an emergency surgery." When preparing to work with the client concerning this anxiety about the surgery, the nurse recognizes what?

a) The client has "signal anxiety," which is always the first symptom of anxiety.

b) The client is expressing fear about the surgery. The client's fear is the body's physiologic and emotional response to a known danger.

c) The client has "trait anxiety," and this reflects the client's anger toward the client's mother's surgeon.

d) The client is expressing "free-floating anxiety" and needs to have medication in order to bring it under control.

b) The client is expressing fear about the surgery. The client's fear is the body's physiologic and emotional response to a known danger.

A client is learning to cope with anxiety and stress. The expected outcome is that the client will ...

a) Ignore situations that cause stress

b) Change reactions to stressors

c) Revise his or her lifestyle

d) Limit major stressors in his or her life

b) Change reactions to stressors

The nurse assesses a client's emotional response to a current life crisis. Which question does the nurse ask to determine if the client is experiencing negative emotions?

"Are you experiencing confusion or awe?"

"Are you experiencing sympathy or empathy?"

"Are you experiencing anger or anxiety?"

"Are you experiencing pride or relief?"

N/A

The nurse provides care to a client who states, "I recently separated from my spouse." Which response by the nurse is appropriate when assessing the client's emotional state during the psychosocial assessment?

a) "Are you having trouble sleeping?"

b) "Let's discuss how you have been feeling."

c) "Let's discuss your dietary intake."

d) "Have you recently lost or gained weight?"

b) "Let's discuss how you have been feeling."

In the stress response, what is consistent with activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

a) Increased digestion

b) Decreased blood pressure

c) Decreased heart rate

d) Increased blood sugar

d) Increased blood sugar

The nurse provides education to a group within the community regarding social networks. Which participant statement indicates a need for additional education?

a) "I have a large social network that increases the support that is available to me."

b) "My social network will not influence the course my diabetes takes."

c) "My social network enhanced my ability to cope with my recent divorce."

d) "I have an identity within my social network."

b) "My social network will not influence the course my diabetes takes."

Which of the following would not be expected to occur during the sympathetic response (or the fight-or-flight reaction) to a stressor?

a) Energy levels increase.

b) Blood clotting ability decreases.

c) Heart rate and blood pressure increase.

d) Breathing rate increases.

b) Blood clotting ability decreases.

The nurse is seeing a client who reports recent difficulty with sleep and decreased appetite. The client reports having pressure from work due to an upcoming deadline and moving to a different house at the same time. What is the client most likely experiencing?

a) chronic stress

b) diathesis

c) acute stress

d) type A personality

c) acute stress

The nurse is providing counseling to a client who has been experiencing anxiety and sleep disturbance. While providing education to the client, in which way can the nurse best describe allostatic load?

a) "It is the wear and tear on your body from having stress over a long period of time."

b) "It describes the alarm reaction stage when you have a traumatic event."

c) "It is an intense but short lived response involving your brain and body"

d) "It is when you feel back to yourself again after you have experienced stress."

a) "It is the wear and tear on your body from having stress over a long period of time."

A client tells the nurse that he or she has a Type A personality. The nurse can anticipate that the client will be ...

a) introverted

b) relaxed

c) outgoing

d) competitive

d) competitive

Pre-existing genetic, biologic, and psychological vulnerabilities interact with negative or stressful life events to cause illness. This describes the ...

a) Adaptation model

b) Problem focused coping model

c) Emotion-focused coping

d) Stress-diathesis model

d) Stress-diathesis model

The efforts one takes to manage situations that have been appraised as being potentially harmful or stressful refers to ...

a) Cognitive approach

b) Disintegrate

c) Coping

d) Emotional support

c) Coping

Which of the following disorders involves the emergence of varying personalities in a person that is associated with stress and conflict?

a) Depersonalization disorder

b) Dissociative fugue

c) Dissociative amnesia

d) Dissociative identity disorder

d) Dissociative identity disorder

A client can protect himself from the negative effects of stress with which of the following?

a) Previous experiences

b) Social and emotional resources

c) Practicing wellness

d) Medication

b) Social and emotional resources

The nurse is conducting a mental health assessment of a client who has been experiencing low mood, anxiety and loss of pleasure for the past month. The client tells the nurse he comes from a "really big family." Despite this, the client tells the nurse he continues to feel alone. Select the nurse's best response.

a) "Social networks can be overwhelming so it is better to be isolated."

b) "It sounds like you have a level III sized social network."

c) " You can have lots of people in your social network and still feel isolated."

d) "It is important to reach out to people in your social network to tell them you are sad."

c) " You can have lots of people in your social network and still feel isolated."

A nurse is talking to a provider, who quietly and numbly tells the nurse about arriving at the scene of an automobile-pedestrian accident 3 days ago. The provider performed CPR on a victim, but it was unsuccessful. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?

a) "I know how you feel; the same thing happened to me several years ago and I never recovered."

b) "That is horrible!"

c) "Why did you perform CPR?"

d) "Tell me what you saw."

d) "Tell me what you saw."

A nurse is caring for a client in the hospital who was admitted for injuries sustained from an abusive spouse. The client says she's scared to leave her husband for fear he will hurt her. Which actions should the nurse plan to include in the plan of care for this client? Select all that apply.

a) Consult social services.

b) Educate the client on resources available to her

c) Educate the client and husband on the effects of spousal abuse.

d) Plan an interdisciplinary team meeting regarding this situation.

e) Confront the husband about the abuse.

a) Consult social services.

b) Educate the client on resources available to her

d) Plan an interdisciplinary team meeting regarding this situation.

The nurse is working with a client who has been under extreme stress. In order to enhance the client's social functioning, the nurse should provide what intervention?

a) Educate the client about the need to make new friends and acquaintances

b) Teach the client skills for enhancing communication

c) Encourage the client to maintain daily activities involving other people

d) Introduce the client to other clients who have similar circumstances

c) Encourage the client to maintain daily activities involving other people

A nurse is developing a care plan for a client who has post-traumatic stress disorder. Which intervention by the nurse is a priority?

a) Encourage the client to delay discussing the stressful event until coping can occur.

b) Promote discussion of the client's thoughts and feelings about the stressful event.

c) Encourage the client to utilize distraction when remembered experiences come to their mind.

d) Guide the client to let go of the events of the traumatic event.

b) Promote discussion of the client's thoughts and feelings about the stressful event.

The psychiatric-mental health nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who has been under a large amount of interpersonal stress. In order to best assess the client's psychological domain, the nurse should:

a) present a simple, hypothetical scenario, such as "If you saw a building on fire, what would you do?"

b) remain silent until the client begins to speak and allow him or her to choose the topic of conversation.

c) use a broad introduction, such as "Let's talk about what you're feeling today."

d) inquire about any family history of psychiatric or mental health disorders.

c) use a broad introduction, such as "Let's talk about what you're feeling today."

The nurse teaches a client about social support. Which example of emotional support does the nurse include in the teaching session?

a) "Allowing a friend to help with your sick mom is an example of emotional support."

b) "Providing feedback to a friend is an example of emotional support."

c) "Accepting a loan from someone is an example of emotional support."

d) "Being able to confide in your spouse is an example of emotional support."

d) "Being able to confide in your spouse is an example of emotional support."

An electrician who has been working 14 to 16 hour days for several weeks presents to his family physician reporting persistent headaches and insomnia. The electrician experienced these symptoms last year when his business experienced financial difficulty. The family physician attributes the physical symptoms to ongoing stress. Which factor most likely contributed to the man's response to this stressful period of his life?

a) The fact that he has previously had difficulty coping with stress.

b) The fact that he takes diuretic medication for his hypertension.

c) The fact that his company is heavily in debt.

d) The fact that he is not physically active on a regular basis.

a) The fact that he has previously had difficulty coping with stress.

A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse about being under a great deal of stress on the job for the last month. Using Lazarus' model, the nurse should instruct the client that all stress responses are affected by the ...

a) threat to the client's personal safety.

b) degree of ambiguity in the situation.

c) social support networks within the family.

d) personal meaning of the situation.

d) personal meaning of the situation.

The nurse is seeing a female client who has been experiencing stress due to financial pressure. The client tells the nurse she found a second job so that she earn additional income. The nurse recognizes the client is using which coping style?

a) Problem focused

b) Adaptation

c) Emotion focused

d) Reappraisal

a) Problem focused

The nurse is assessing a client who has been referred for disturbed sleep due to increased anxiety and low mood. In order to determine the role of emotions in the client's stress response, the nurse should ask which question?

a) "Are you able to reach homeostasis with your emotions?"

b) "Have you been coping with your low mood over the last few weeks?"

c) "Can you tell me how you have been feeling most of the time for the past month?"

d) "Do you think you need an antidepressant to make you happy?"

c) "Can you tell me how you have been feeling most of the time for the past month?"

A nurse is helping a male client recognize the impact of stressful events on his health. Using the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire, the client learns that the most stressful life change is which type?

a) He fractured his ankle recently

b) He recently moved from one house to another

c) He is experiencing sexual dysfunction

d) His mother was just diagnosed with cancer

d) His mother was just diagnosed with cancer

According to Hans Selye, which stage of reaction to stress stimulates the body to send messages from the hypothalamus to the glands and organs to prepare for potential defense needs?

a) Resistance

b) Autonomic

c) Exhaustion

d) Alarm reaction

d) Alarm reaction

A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the concept that long term stress causes an increase in the wear and tear on the brain and body. Which statement by the nursing student indicates understanding of this concept?

a) "Adaptation is the result of the chronic stress on the body."

b) "The increase in the wear and tear on the body from stress is allostatic load."

c) "This process is called homeostasis."

d) "The long term wear and tear on the body by stress is reversed as the stress decreases."

b) "The increase in the wear and tear on the body from stress is allostatic load."

A nurse is reviewing the events that occur in the body as it responds to stress. The nurse demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which hormone as primarily secreted by the adrenal cortex during stress?

a) Thyroxin

b) Norepinephrine

c) Cortisol

d) Insulin

c) Cortisol

An adult client informs the nurse that she has been under a large amount of stress in recent months. As part of the assessment, the nurse is using the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire. What event in the client's recent past is associated with the most life change units (LCUs)?

a) The client suffered an ankle fracture in a fall and is now wearing a cast

b) The client was recently charged with reckless driving following an automobile accident

c) The client has been involved in an intense interpersonal conflict at work

d) The client became pregnant for this first time three months ago

d) The client became pregnant for this first time three months ago

The nurse is caring for a client on a medical unit who is homeless. The client's lab values indicate a high fasting blood sugar, dyslipidemia, and low thyroid stimulating hormone. What do these results indicate?

a) The client has a high allostatic load

b) The client has low cortisol levels

c) The client has acute stress

d) The client is in homeostasis

a) The client has a high allostatic load

Which statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is accurate?

a) PTSD symptoms usually begin at the time of the trauma.

b) Estimates are that up to 60% of people at risk develop PTSD.

c) Estimates are that the disorder is very rare.

d) Only 20% of victims of rape develop PTSD.

b) Estimates are that up to 60% of people at risk develop PTSD.

A nurse is working in a mental health clinic. Which client statement should the nurse recognize as describing a type A personality?

a) "I don't let my emotions out around my co-workers or family. Nothing ever goes right for me!"

b) "I work harder than anybody else in my job. I am not satisfied until I achieve each goal I set for myself."

c) "I'm a very relaxed person. Whatever everybody else wants is fine with me."

d) "I just agree with whatever my co-workers say so nobody will be upset with me."

b) "I work harder than anybody else in my job. I am not satisfied until I achieve each goal I set for myself."

A nurse is working in a mental health clinic and cares for various clients. Which client should the nurse recognize as having the greatest risk for the development of drug dependence?

a) an 80 year old man who just lost his wife of 45 years

b) a 35 year-old woman who is going through a divorce due to her husband's extra-marital affair

c) a 50 year old man who just lost his job

d) a 12 year old girl who was raped by a family friend

d) a 12 year old girl who was raped by a family friend

The nurse is caring for a 72-year-old female who is recovering from abdominal surgery on the medical-surgical unit. The surgery was very stressful and prolonged, and the nurse notes on the chart that her blood sugars are elevated, yet she has not been diagnosed with diabetes. To what does the nurse attribute this elevation in blood sugars?

a) It is a result of antidiuretic hormone.

b) She must have had diabetes prior to surgery.

c) She has become a diabetic from the abdominal surgery.

d) The blood sugars are probably a result of the "fight-or-flight" reaction.

d) The blood sugars are probably a result of the "fight-or-flight" reaction.

The nurse is seeing a male client who is obese and wants to lose weight. The client discusses why he wants to lose weight, how he recognizes that being obese is unhealthy, and that he plans to remain committed to a healthy lifestyle. The nurse recognizes that the client is engaging in which activity?

a) primary appraisal

b) secondary appraisal

c) coping

d) fight or flight response

a) primary appraisal

The nurse assesses a client's ability to cope with stress. Which client statement indicates a type B personality, thus decreasing the likelihood for risky health behaviors in response to stress?

a) "I take a relaxed approach to most issues."

b) "I am used to feeling like the cup of my life is half empty."

c) "I avoid conflict like it is the plague."

d) "I feel tense and restless a lot because I am so competitive."

a) "I take a relaxed approach to most issues."

The nurse is working with a client who has the tendency to "tend and befriend." The nurse identifies this is characteristic of:

a) an aggressive response to stress.

b) a response using denial of emotions.

c) the male response to stress.

d) the female response to stress.

d) the female response to stress.

The nurse is seeing a male client who reports he initially found relief from the demands of work by drinking two glasses of wine each night. He tells the nurse he has now decided to quit drinking wine. The client's decision is an example of which type of coping?

a) Reappraisal

b) Adaptation

c) Emotion focused coping

d) Problem focused coping

a) Reappraisal

A client who has been awaiting the results of a bone marrow biopsy for several days is experiencing stress as a result of uncertainty and the possibility that abnormal cell growth may be detected. A physical examination and blood work would most likely yield which of the following results?

a) Increased gastrointestinal motility; decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone

b) Increased blood pressure and heart rate; increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

c) Increased respiratory rate; increased levels of testosterone

d) Pupil dilation; increased somatomedin C

b) Increased blood pressure and heart rate; increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

To integrate feedback about the effects of coping, and to allow for continual processing of new information refers to ...

a) Allostasis

b) Stressors

c) Social functioning

d) Reappraisal

d) Reappraisal

Which statement made by the client during the health history and physical examination process indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing a physical functioning change during a stress response?

a) "I have a lot of muscle tension in my neck and shoulders."

b) "My appetite has not changed recently."

c) "I have not gained any weight in several years."

d) "I get 6 to 8 hours of sleep every night and never have issues with sleeping."

a) "I have a lot of muscle tension in my neck and shoulders."

The nurse is counseling a female client who is the primary caregiver for her older adult mother who requires total care due to stroke. The client reports having difficulty "recovering from the flu." She tells the nurse she has been experiecing flu-like symptoms for over two weeks. The client is most likely experiencing which consequence of chronic stress?

a) decreased hormonal activity

b) a reduction in lymphocyte function

c) lowered levels of serum cortisol

d) overactivity of the immune system

b) a reduction in lymphocyte function

Which of the following terms, according to Lazarus, refers to the process through which an event is evaluated, with respect to what is at stake and what might/can be done?

a) Coping

b) Adaptation

c) Cognitive appraisal

d) Hardiness

c) Cognitive appraisal

For a client with dissociative identity disorder, the nurse understands that the disturbed personal identity is most likely related to which characteristic?

a) High risk for self-directed violence

b) Poor impulse control

c) Unresolved childhood abuse issues

d) Chronic low self-esteem

c) Unresolved childhood abuse issues

The nurse is facilitating a wellness group which includes a client who was suspended from work for an angry outburst. The client most likely has the characteristics of which personality type?

D

B

C

A

Type A

) You are caring for a 4-day-old set of conjoined twins and their parents. The infants are doing well at this point, but the parents are each in a heightened anxiety state after being told that when the babies are separated one of them may become permanently disabled. By the statements the parents are making, the nurse knows they are cognitively appraising the situation their family is in. While talking with the parents, you note that the father of the babies has an aggressive stance, is speaking in a loud voice, and makes several hostile statements such as, "I'd like to strangle that doctor who told us our babies would be okay." You know that this father's cognitive appraisal has led to what?

a) Harm/loss feelings

b) Feelings of challenge

c) A positive adjustment to the possible loss of d) his children

e) The development of negative emotions

e) The development of negative emotions

The nurse caring for an elderly widow notes her client making statements such as, "Ever since my husband died I can't seem to do anything right." The client was widowed 2 years prior to this current hospitalization, which is her fifth since losing her husband to cancer after a long struggle. The woman says to the nurse, "The doctor says my blood pressure is dangerously high. What is making my blood pressure so high?" What does the nurse know about the probable cause of this client's hypertension?

a) Prolonged or unrelenting suffering can cause physical illness.

b) Physical illness is always caused by prolonged stress.

c) The elderly are at increased risk for hypertension due to stress.

d) Stress always exacerbates the physiologic processes of the elderly.

a) Prolonged or unrelenting suffering can cause physical illness.

Which stage of Hans Seyle's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) occurs if homeostasis is not achieved during stress?

a) Alarm

b) Resistance

c) Exhaustion

d) Equilibrium

c) Exhaustion

The nurse educator is discussing the fight or flight response with a group of nursing students. The nurse recognizes teaching is effective when the students state which brain structures are responsible for interpreting an event as a threat?

a) The medulla oblongata

b) The amygdala

c) The brain stem

d) The frontal lobe

b) The amygdala

The nurse is seeing a client who is experiencing depression. The nurse recognizes that this client's personality fits best with type C personality. Which assessment findings would the nurse document as evidence for type C personality?

a) The client often misses or is late for appointments.

b) The client becomes defensive when challenged.

c) The client is often observed pacing in the waiting room.

d) The client is easily agreeable to any appointment time available.

d) The client is easily agreeable to any appointment time available.

The nurse is seeing a male client who is experiencing anxiety and having difficulty managing anger. The client tells the nurse he received an email last week in which a co-worker was insulting and dismissive. The client states he had difficulty sleeping after receiving the email. Select the nurse's best response.

a) "Have you considered using a sleep medication to help initiate sleep during stressful times?"

b) "Would you be interested in learning some assertive communication skills?"

c) "Have you always had a bad relationship with this co-worker?"

d) "Is there any other way in which can you interpret what the co-worker said in the email?"

d) "Is there any other way in which can you interpret what the co-worker said in the email?"

The nurse assesses a client's life changes within the last year using the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire. Which question does the nurse include to assess changes in the client's family life?

a) "Did you take out a bank loan within the last year?"

b) "Did you change jobs in the last year?"

c) "Did you experience the death of a close friend within the last year?"

d) "Did any of your children leave the home within the last year?"

d) "Did any of your children leave the home within the last year?"

In human beings, the physiologic response to a stressor includes the ...

a) Hypothalamus secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone

b) Epinephrine increasing the blood-glucose level

c) Hypothalamus secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone

d) Sympathetic nervous system slowing the heart rate

b) Epinephrine increasing the blood-glucose level

Which level of the social network generally consists of 30 to 40 people who the person sees regularly?

a) Level IV

b) Level III

c) Level II

d) Level I

c) Level II

An elderly man tells the nurse that his wife died 1 year ago and that he cannot stop grieving her loss. Social assessment reveals that the loss of his wife has left the client without a key supportive member of his social network. The nurse should encourage the client to consider which action?

a) Walk daily

b) Improve his nutritional intake

c) Join a lawn bowling league

d) Make an appointment at a wellness clinic

c) Join a lawn bowling league

The nurse provides care to a client who experiences chronic stress. Which physiologic consequence of chronic stress does the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

a) increased risk for anxiety

b) increased risk for depression

c) increased risk for illness

d) increased risk for hostility

c) increased risk for illness

Which of the following factors increases an older adult's vulnerability and reaction to stressors?

a) Loss of a network for support

b) Impaired self-care

c) Emotional distress

d) Autoimmune disease

a) Loss of a network for support

The nurse assesses a new client's social network. Which question does the nurse ask to determine the client's level I contacts?

a) "Do you see your mail carrier on Saturdays when you are not at work?"

b) "Do you have friends whom you see on a regular basis?"

c) "Do you engage with the cashier when you are at the store?"

d) "Do you have anyone whom you consider as a close personal contact?"

d) "Do you have anyone whom you consider as a close personal contact?"

A nurse is teaching a class on type D personalites. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of this instruction?

a) "A person with this personality is full of ambition."

b) "I would describe this person as one who has an easygoing personality."

c) "A person with this type of personality is a people-pleaser, who does not like conflict."

d) "Pessimism is a key quality with this personality."

d) "Pessimism is a key quality with this personality."

The nurse provides education to a group regarding the physiologic response to acute stress. Which participant statement indicates a need for additional teaching?

a) "My blood glucose will likely increase to provide additional energy."

b) "My heart rate and respiratory rate will likely be increased."

c) "My blood pressure will likely decrease."

d) "I will be less likely to bleed if I experience a cut."

c) "My blood pressure will likely decrease."

A client has been experiencing intense stress following the bankruptcy of the client's high-profile business. When asked by the nurse to describe the client's coping strategies, the client states, "Just the bottle, really." In addition to performing additional assessments, what action should the nurse prioritize?

a) Arranging an intervention with trusted friends and family

b) Encouraging regular exercise and a nutritious diet

c) Facilitating a referral to a mental health specialist

d) Teaching the client about the physiological effects of alcohol

c) Facilitating a referral to a mental health specialist

Adaptation is a person's capacity to survive and flourish. Adaptation affects which areas? Select all that apply.

a) Psychological well-being

b) Financial status

c) Social functioning

d) Health

e) Coping

a) Psychological well-being

c) Social functioning

d) Health

e) Coping