Translation and Transcription in Eukaryotes

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from lecture notes on DNA replication, transcription, translation, and mutations.

Replication

The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

Transcription

The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template.

Translation

The process of converting the sequence of mRNA into a polypeptide.

Anticodon

Three nucleotides on tRNA that are complementary to the mRNA codon.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for one amino acid.

RNA polymerase

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Exon

Coding segments of a gene that are expressed and retained in mature mRNA.

Intron

Non-coding segments of a gene that are removed during mRNA processing.

Point Mutation

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Frameshift Mutation

Mutations caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic message.