THEO - FREUD

1856 in Freiburg, Moravia (Known as Czechoslovakia)

Freud was born in

Had developed mixed feelings with parents which made him realized that early relationship was very significant on later development

1873, University of Vienna

Freud pursued medical studies at

1881

Freud became a clinical neurologist at

1880 to 1890

• Cocaine epidemic

• Studied neurosis

Jean Charcot

Freud studied in paris with

Joseph Breuer, 1895

He studied in Hysteria with ______ at year ____

disagreement regarding the role of sex

Joseph Breuer and Freud broke away with one another due to

1900

The interpretation of dreams

1909

Invitation from G. Stanley Hall along with Carl Jung to present Psychoanalysis

1939

Freud died at year

83

Freud died at age

cancer of the jaw

Freud died due to

Unconscious

• Beyond our awareness

• Motivates most of our words, feelings, actions.

Preconscious

• Not conscious, but has the potential to become.

• Has two perceptions.

Conscious Perception of Preconscious

• what a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period.

• Quickly passes when there is a shift in attention.

Unconscious Perception of Preconscious

Ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter preconscious in a disguised form

Conscious

What you are aware of right now.

Id, Ego, Superego

Provinces of the mind

Id

• Considered as “The core of our being”

• It represents our basic drives, needs, and wishes

• The reservoir of psychic energy

• Operates under the “pleasure principle”

• Employs “primary process”

Pleasure principle

Seeking immediate tension reduction

Primary process

Forming an image that would satisfy the needs

Ego

• Realistically meet wishes and demands of the Id

• Mediates the Id and the external world

• Follows the “reality principle”

• Employs “secondary process”

Reality Principle

• Satisfies the Id’s impulses in an appropriate manner

• Postpone the discharge of tension until appropriate object is found

Secondary Process

Distinguish the fact and fantasy

Superego

• Represents the internalized values, ideals and moral standards

• Has two components

Conscience

• Capacity for self-evaluation, criticism, and reaproach

• Scolds the ego and create feelings of guilt when moral codes are violated

Ego Ideal

Ideal self-image consisting of approved and rewarded behaviors

Dynamics of Personality

• Drives

• Sex

• Aggresion

Drives

• It is the psychological/mental representation of an inner bodily source of excitement

• Originates in the Id, but comes under the Ego’s control

• 4 features (sources, impetus, aim, object)

Sources

Bodily stimulus/need

Impetus

Amount of energy/intensity of need

Aim

goal and purpose

Object

person/object through which aim would be satisfied

Sex

• Libido

• Eros

• Cathexis

Cathexis

Attachement/investment objects

Aggression

• Thanatos

• Destroy, conquer, kill

• People have an unconscious wish to die.

Anxiety

• Defined as an “objectless fear”

• Has 3 kinds (neurotic, moral, realistic)

Neurotic

Fear of being unable to control inner impulses

Moral

Fear of the tetribution of conscience

Realistic

Fear of real danger

Defense Mechanisms

• Protects ourselves against anxiety and prevents our conscious perception of it

• Denials/distortions pf reality

• Operates unconsciously

Repression

Prevents us from the awareness of anxiety producing conflicts or remembering traumatic events

Denial

Refusal to acknowledge unpleasant reality

Projection

Unconscious attribution of an impulse, attitude, or behavior to another

Fixation

Permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development

Regression

Returning from an earlier point of impulse expression

Rationalization

Dealing with emotion through intellectual means in order to avoid emotional concern

Identification

Modeling one’s beahvior after the behavior of someone else

Displacement

Satisfying an impulse with a substance object

Psychosexual Stages of Development

• Oral stage

• Anal stage

• Phallic stage

• Latency period

• Genital stage

Plymorphous Perverse

Child actively seeking pleasure from different body areas

Oral stage

• Birth to 1

• Infants explores objects with their mouth: the source of nourishment

• the mouth can be source of pleasure and/or conflict

Oral Incorporative

Too much concern with oral activities

e.g: eating, smoking, kissing

Oral Aggressive

Pessimism and aggression

Anal stage

• 2 years

• First attempt to regulate instinctual impulses

• Pain or pleasure in retaining or defecating waste products

Anal Retentive

Rigid, stubborn, stingy

Anal Aggressive

Cruel, destructive, tantrums

Phallic stage

• 3-6 years old

• Genitals become the erogenous zone

• For autoerotic activity and distinguishing sexes

• Examination of genitals, masturbation, expression of interest in sexual matters, and fantasies

Oedipus complex

wanting oneself to become the father; sexual desires for mother

Castration Anxiety

fear of losing penis

Electra complex

Abandoning mother to turn into father as they discover sex difference

Latency Period

• 7 years to puberty

• Dormant; inhibition of sex drive

• Aports, school, and peer relations

Genital stage

• Adolescence

• Rebirth of sex and ggressive desires

• Drive is on members of the opposite sex

Maturity

• “Lieben und arbeiten”

• A mature person is able to love in sexually approved way and work productively in society

• Psychological maturity barely happens

Assessment in Freud’s Theory

• Free Association

• Dream Analysis

• Transference

Free Association

Speak whatever comes to mind

Dream Analysis

• Latent: meaning/motive

• Manifest: what has been remembered; incoherent

• Slips

  • Cause: action of a material

  • Motive: will of a person that leads to action

Transference

Transfers emotional attitudes felt as a child toward important people around the client