Studied by 19 people
Germans + Goths
(german+goths)
what were some duties of a german chieftain (german+goths)
gave men leadership, weapons, a chance for wealth, and kept peace among the warriors.
what were some features of German religion (german+goths)
they believed in hospitality even if it’s a stranger at the door, they would welcome them
Define Clan (german+goths)
group based on family
Define Chieftain (german+goths)
military leader of a clan
Define blood feuds (german+goths)
when families got into quarrels with another family because of earlier family fights, they seek revenge
Define oath helpers (german+goths)
were like lawyers
Define ordeal (german+goths)
severe trials
Define wergeld (german+goths)
a fine you could get for a not very bad crime
what replaced the roman empire in the west? (german+goths)
6 Germanic kingdoms
what were some features of viking towns?
forests, natural harbors, large plains, in towns there were booths for markets and log houses
Define Jarls (Viking)
Like a german chieftan
Define berserkers (viking)
viking warriors
Define runes (viking)
german letters
Define Eddas (viking)
written poems to the gods
what kind Edu. did vikings children receive (viking)
Girls were taught household skills (spinning, weaving, sewing)
Boys were taught bow and arrow + how to be a good warrior
How did the viking view their gods
the viewed them as extra powerful humans
why did many vikings leave Scandinavia
Scandinavia was over crowded and there was not a lot of rood and resources
What happened to the Danes who settled in England? (viking)
when Danes settled in England they made settlements but later got kicked out.
Define coracles (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
irish boats
How did Irish earn a living
most farmed and raised cattle
Why did Irish monasteries take charge of their own affairs (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
they did this because when the germans were invading rome the Pope needed a knew religious leader
Define Shires(Anglo Saxon + Irish)
divided english districts
Define sheriff (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
local nobel in a shire
Define kings peace (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
royal protection program
Define witenagemot (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
group of nobels church leaders
How did Christianity come to the Anglo Saxon kingdoms of England? (Anglo Saxon + Irish)
It came once the Pope Gregory decided to convert them into christianity
Define converted (franks)
changed from one thing to another
What modern nations developed out of civilization built by the franks (franks)
France + Germany
Why were the franks more successful at gov. than other Germanic people (franks)
they were successful because they were close to their homeland so they felt secure
Define counts (franks)
officials who run the courts
define lords (franks)
nobels
Define serfs (franks)
Peasants bound to land
Define minstrels (franks)
traveling musicians
Why did Charlemagne object to Pope crowning him emperor? (franks)
because it made it seem the title came from Pope and not from god
What did Charlemagne do to encourage learning? (franks)
He encouraged churches to found schools
Define izbas (Eastern Slavs)
one room log cabin with gabled roofs
How were early Eastern Slavic villages governed (Eastern Slavs)
the oldest male governed it with help from a council
Why were rivers important to the Eastern Slavs (Eastern Slavs)
they used the rivers as trade routes
Define boyars (Eastern Slavs)
land owning Nobels
Define veche (Eastern Slavs)
assembly
why was kiev a good location to build a city (Eastern Slavs)
who ever ruled kiev had control of Varangian trade route + was on a hill overlooking Dnieper
Define khan (Eastern Slavs)
Mongal Leader
where did the mogals come from (Eastern Slavs)
Central Asia
What did the mongals do to the rus people when they invaded rus lands (Eastern Slavs)
they destroyed villages/towns + killed many people
Define relics (Byzantine Empire)
valued, holy objects
why did Constantine chose Byzantine as the site for the empires new capital (Byzantine Empire)
because it was on a waterway that had lots of trade
How could the influence of Christianity be seen in the city? (Byzantine Empire)
the rich were helpful to the poor and there were many relics
Define theology (Byzantine Empire)
study of religion
Define dowry (Byzantine Empire)
wealth that women brought into a marriage
Define mosaics (Byzantine Empire)
pictures made of tiny glass
Define greek fire (Byzantine Empire)
flammable liquid
How did Justinian feel about the old systems of Roman laws (Byzantine Empire)
he thought it was too complicated and disorganized
Define Metropolitans (Byzantine Empire)
church officials
Define icons (Byzantine Empire)
religious images
What role did Christianity play in the Byzantine Empire (Byzantine Empire)
christianity was the official religion
What were some contributions of monasteries to Byzantine society +culture (Byzantine Empire)
they helped the poor and ran hospitals
What problem with the Byzantine Empire brought its downfall?
they stopped giving farmers land so the farmers saw no reason to fight in the wars.
What outside forces helped cause the Empire to fall? (Byzantine Empire)
trade- the empire had problems with trade
Define feudalism (feudal society)
social pyramid, kings/queens on top then nobles, then vassals and knights then peasants.
Define clergy (feudal society)
religious leader
Define fiefs(feudal society)
estates that you could get from the army
Define vassals (feudal society)
a noble who served as a lord with land
Define act of homage (feudal society)
ceremony bringing together a vassal and a lord
Define knight (feudal society)
warrior on horseback with very heavy army
How did land ownership become tied to military service (feudal society)
with land came wealth giving soldiers a base to rule Europe + when you performed a military service you got land
How did nobles become so powerful (feudal society)
They became powerful because kings became lazy and gave Nobles their duties
What were some duties of a vassal (feudal society)
help the lord in battle- bring the knights armor + take part in the military
Define castle (feudal society)
a giant stone house
Define keep (feudal society)
tall tower with thick walls
define ladies (feudal society)
Noble women
How did the design of a castle protect people (feudal society)
the design had a draw bridge and a moat
Define Manors (feudal society)
farming community
Define Bailiff (feudal society)
made sure that peasants were working hard
Define seneschal (feudal society)
an assistant to a noble
Define freeman (feudal society)
peasants who paid a noble for land
what were some features of a manor village (feudal society)
a church mill a bread oven, and cottages
What rights did freeman have (feudal society)
they could move wherever they wanted and whenever
what did serfs contribute to a manor (feudal society)
Serfs were noble property
what led to the growth and development of Venice trade(rise of trade in towns)
they depended on getting goods from other places, because it was hard for them to grow there own crops so they traded there salt for other items.
How did the location of Flanders help it become an important trading center? (rise of trade in towns)
because it was between two rivers so they built harbors
How did the Flemish develop an international industry (rise of trade in towns)
they had english Shepards supply them with wool that they made into cloth
Define fairs (rise of trade in towns)
special gatherings for merchants to trade at
Define burgs (rise of trade in towns)
town with castles near by
Why did Nobels sponser fairs (rise of trade in towns)
because they could collect taxes and sales
Where did Merchants set up their marketplaces (rise of trade in towns)
they first set them up in the fairs but some later settled in a town with a shop for them
Define burghers (rise of trade in towns)
workers in towns
Define communes (rise of trade in towns)
political groups in Italy
Define charters (rise of trade in towns)
documents allowing towns to run themselves had to get approved by a Nobel
What changes did burgers want to make in Feudal Laws (rise of trade in towns)
Nobels should not get to decide if you move, own land, or marry someone
Define guilds (rise of trade in towns)
business groups
Define masters (rise of trade in towns)
experts at a task
Define apprentice (rise of trade in towns)
a trainee at a task
Define journey man (rise of trade in towns)
the position between apprentice and master, they worked for there master for a daily wage
What rules did guild members have to obey (rise of trade in towns)
they could not advertise, compete with other guild members, work the same hours, pay same wages, higher the same amount of people
why did people begin to challenge the guild in the 1400 (rise of trade in towns)
they felt the guilds were keeping them from making a higher profit
In what ways did cultural - life of townspeople change during 1400 (rise of trade in towns)
many towns people became richer than the Nobles, many people got mansions or castles, got fashion items, more time to do what they wanted, started to appreciates writers and artists
Define mass (the church)
worship service
Define cannon laws (the church)
laws made by the church
Define excommunicated (the church)
losing your membership to the church
Note 
Flashcard (49)