Meaghan Piretti Patient Care Specs

Ethics are defined as

standards of right and wrong

ARRT Standards of Ethics are classified in 3 categories. Those categories are composed of:

code of ethics, rules of ethics, administrative procedures

Code of ethics's

Aspirational. This set of ethics shall serve as a guide by which certificate holders and candidates may evaluate their professional conduct as it relates to patients, healthcare consumers, employers, colleagues, and other members of the healthcare team.

Rules of Ethics

Enforceable. They are mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all certificate holders and candidates.

Administrative Procedures

An ethics committee that provides structure and operation, detailing procedures for the ARRT.

All candidates/ ARRT certification holders must meet ethical/ honor code requirements. The ARRT indicates that these rules of misconduct must be reported:

Felonies, Misdemeanors, and Various Criminal Procedures

Regardless of a patients background, they must be provided with:

provider's best efforts, dignity, and confidentiality privacy

ALL patients have the right to:

be informed, make informed consent, refuse treatment

Patient consent can be any of the following:

Verbal (oral), Written (informed), implied

Patient Bill of Rights was adopted by AHA in what year?

1973

Patient Bill details _____ specific areas of a patients rights

12

Patient Bill of rights was recently replaced by

The Patient Care Partnership- Understanding expectations, rights and responsibilities

The patient care partnership addresses _____ key areas that relate to what to expect during your hospital stay. High quality hospital care, a clean and safe environment, involvement in your care, protection of your privacy, help when leaving the hospital, help with billing

6

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) was started in what year?

1996

ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists) has published practice standards that radiographers must be familiar with. These standards are:

Tech is responsible for patient ID, ensuring order matches to clinical indication, contacting the ordering physician to change order- and DOCUMENT

The four primary sources of law are the:

1. Constitution of the United States

2. Statutory Law

3. Regulations and Judgements of the administrative Bureaus

4. Court Decisions

Assault

action that causes fear or apprehension in the patient

Battery

inappropriate touching or harm done to the patient

Negligence

unintentionally harming a person by acting in an improper way

Malpractice

Failure of professional duty which results in injury, loss, or damage

Beneficence

Doing what is best for the patient

False Imprisonment

unjustified restraint

Libel

A written defamation of a person's character

Slander

spoken defamation of character

Responent superior

an employer is responsible for employee's actions

Res Ipsa Loquitur

The cause of negligence is obvious-- the thing speaks for itself

Tort

a wrongful act or an infringement of a right (other than under contract) leading to civil legal liability.

It is _________________ of practice for a rad tech to use post-exposure shuttering, cropping, electronic collimation, or electronic masking to duplicated and use an acquired image for more than 1 prescribed view.

outside the scope of practice

Nonverbal communication can be interpreted in 4 different ways, those are:

1. Facial expression

2. Eye contact

3. Touch

4. Your appearance

Good body mechanics include

- Broad base of support

- center of gravity

- hold heavy objects close to your body

- keep back straight

- bend the knees and use leg and abdominal muscles to lift

- push or roll heavy objects when possible

Ergonomics

The study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

Matching (fitting) the job to the workers

Normal body temperature

98.6 F (37 C)

pyrexia means

fever

Afebrile means

without fever

Normal pulse rate for adults

60-100 bpm

Irregular pulse rate is described as:

Inconsistent rhythm

Strong and weak throbs

Regular pulse rate is described as:

Consistant rhythm

Time between each beat

Thready pulse is described as:

Weak and difficult to count

Which finger do you never use to check a pulse?

Thumb

Respiration (Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs)

12-20 times a minutes by an average adult

To determine the # of respirations a person has, you could count:

the # of inhalations (chest rises) per minute

Less than 12 respirations per minute

bradypnea

More than 20 respirations per minute

tachypnea

Systolic pressure (contracting)

120

Diastolic Pressure (resting)

80

To take a blood pressure you will need 3 things:

1. Stethoscope

2. Sphygmomanometer

3. watch with small hand

What are the main procedures for cardiac and/or respiratory arrest:

1. Crash cart

2. AED

3. Know how to initiate CPR

4. Call a code

Medical Asepsis

microorganisms have been eliminated as much as possible with soap, water, friction, and different chemicals

Surgical Asepsis

complete removal of all organisms and their spores

Equipment Disinfection

Involves the destruction of pathogens through the use of chemical materials

Equipment sterilization

treats items with heat, gas, or chemicals to make them germ free

Fomite

inanimate object that harbors and transmits pathogens

Vector

an animal that carries and transmits a disease

Airborne pathogens

pathogens that can be transmitted through the air

Infectious organisms enter the body through areas called a portal of entry such as:

- breaks in the skin

- the gastrointestinal tract

- mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth

- the respiratory tract

- the urinary tract

There are 3 main modes of transmission, those include:

- Droplet

- Airborne

- contact

Neutropenic precautions (low WBC) call for what kind of precautions?

Reverse isolation

- wash hands before entering

- wear a mask

nosocomial infection

hospital acquired infection

Best way to eliminate germs is to:

wash hands

MSDS stands for

Material Safety Data Sheet

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) normal range=

7-21 mg/dL

GFR (glomerular "kidney" filtration rate) normal range=

90-120 mL/min

If blood urea nitrogen levels get above 21, that is an indication of?

Kidneys are struggling to function

If blood urea is higher than 50, this indicates ?

renal failure

If GFR goes below 90, what does this mean?

lower than 90 indicates they are NOT filtering adequately

Normal Platelet range

150,000-400,000

intrathecal injection

Placement of water soluble iodine into the subarachnoid space for a myelogram.

intra-articular injection

injection of water soluble iodine into a joint space for a arthrogram

IV-IVP

Intravenous injection of water soluble contrast into the urinary tract for a Urogram

5 stages of grief

(DABDA)

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

7 C's of Malpractice Prevention

1. Competence

2. Compliance

3. Charting

4. Communication

5. Confidentiality

6. Courtesy

7. Caution

What kind of scan is this?

PET

What kind of scan is this?

nuclear medicine

What is a CT scan?

Slices, high dose of radiation

What is MRI scan?

no radiation, magnetic

What is mammography scan?

breast imaging, small focal spot, low kVp

What is sonography scan?

no radiation, sound waves

What is nuclear medicine?

radioactive isotope injected

What is bone densitometry?

Fan beam, low dose radiation, looking at how dense bone is

how many people does it take to log roll?

3-5 people

Hoyer lift assist patients who need it ____ to ____ percent assistance

90 to 100

when transferring a patient, there ___________ side should be facing or closest to the destination.

stronger

A wheel chair should be at a ______ angle to the bed or table

45°

Swan-Ganz catheter enters into the _______ to monitor the heart function

pulmonary artery

tracheotomy tube

a tube placed into the trachea, via an incision

tracheostomy

surgical opening into the trachea

NG tube

nasogastric tube (nose)

NJ tube

Nasojejunal tube (nose to jejunum)

OG tube

orogastric tube (oral)

What patient pathology gets a chest tube?

pneumothorax and hemothorax

O2 therapy has a flow rate of

1-6 L/min

face mask flow rate

6-10 L/min

Apnea means

absence of breathing/ slow

Pulse of an CONSCIOUS adult can be felt on

radial artery (wrist)

Pulse of an UNCONSCIOUS adult can be felt on

carotid artery

Pulse of an infant can be felt on

brachial artery

what does the phrase "First always try, before you buy" mean?

The tricuspid valve always comes before the bicuspid valve.

The tricuspid is on the RIGHT side and separates the _________ from the _________.

right atrium, right ventricle

The bicuspid is on the LEFT side and separates the _________ from the _________.

Left atrium, left ventricle

CVA (stroke) stands for

Cerebrovascular accident