APUSH New Republic

A second lieutenancy, he co-led the Corps of Discovery concentrating chiefly on the drawing of maps, the management of the expedition's supplies, and leading hunting expeditions for game.

William Clark

A well-known War Hawk from South Carolina, he remained on the national stage for the next 50 years.

John C. Calhoun

This rebellion, along with the poor economy, led to the creation of a strong centralized government.

Shay's Rebellion

This Democrat tied with Jefferson for the most votes in the 1800 election, but was ultimately defeated in the House of Representatives on the 36th ballot.

Aaron Burr

The bend on the Tallapoosa River where Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians, forcing them to give up 20 million acres of land in the process.

Horseshoe Bend

A Shoshone woman married to a Canadian, she joined the Corps of Discovery becoming an important conduit to the Shoshone people, where her brother was a Chief.

Sacajewa

Elected to Congress from Kentucky in 1810, he was the best known of the War Hawks.

Henry Clay

Washington's Secretary of State, he fractured the Federalist coalition by forming a new political party.

Thomas Jefferson

During the XYZ affair, this diplomat reminded Adams and others that the demand for tribute in exchange for negotiations was fairly common in Europe.

Elbridge Gerry

Jefferson's ill-conceived idea to stop all American trade to avoid European conflict was known as what?

Jefferson's Embargo

The name given to the three French officials demanding bribes for the right to negotiate a peace with the United States.

X, Y, and Z

The treaty of San Lorenzo providing the U.S. with navigation rights on the lower Mississippi River was also named after this American diplomat?

Thomas Pinckney

The French leader who having lost Haiti, agreed to sell Louisiana to the U.S.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Another name for French Pirates.

Corsairs

The great Shawnee warrior chief who died at The Battle of the Thames.

Tecumseh

This battle, taking place 15 days after the treaty ending the War of 1812 was signed, made Andrew Jackson a national hero.

Battle of New Orleans

With the support of Hamilton and Jefferson, he defeated Aaron Burr in a New York Governors race precipitating the famous Hamilton-Burr duel.

Incumbant Gov. George Clinton backed candidate Morgan Lewis. (Burr ran as a Federalist, and wanted to see New York join the New England states in establishing an independent confederation. George Clinton became Thomas Jefferson's second VP, and James Madison's first VP. First VP to die in office.)

This law, pushed through Congress by James Madison, demanded that no trade would be conducted with either Britain or France.

Non-Intercourse Act

One of his biographers has called him "the least appreciated great man in American History."

John Adams

Name the two United States Supreme Court decisions where Chief Justice John Marshal secured for the Supreme Court the last word on constitutional issues.

Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland

The Belgian town where the treaty ending the War of 1812 was signed.

Ghent

Known alternately as "Old Ironsides," it is "the most famous ship to have ever flown an American flag."

U.S.S. Constitution

He was co-leader of the Corps of Discovery, an Army Captain, and former private secretary to President Thomas Jefferson.

Merriwhether Lewis

The author of the Virginia Plan, today he is known as the Father of the Constitution.

James Madison

Written by Thomas Jefferson, it argued that states have a right to nullify federal laws believed to be unconstitutional.

Kentucky Resolution

In 1813 at the Battle of Put-in-Bay, this American naval commander defeated the British naval squadron on Lake Erie. Commodore

Oliver Hazzard Perry

Other than George Washington, he was the most powerful man in government during President Washington's tenure in office.

Alexander Hamilton

The name given to those who were against ratifying the Constitution.

Anti-Federalist

The LA Purchase was made possible because of a slave revolt on this island.

Haiti

This self-professed French diplomat demanded the U.S. allow French corsairs to use American ports.

Citizen Genet

An unpopular treaty, it came at the expense of US-French relations, accepting as it did a British definition of neutrality.

Jay's Treaty

Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose Hamilton's plan for a national bank?

They viewed it as unconstitutional.

Which of the plans introduced at the Constitutional Convention called for the regulation of interstate commerce?

New Jersey Plan

Which of Hamilton's financial proposals relied on "implied powers" found in the elastic clause in the Constitution?

Report on Bank of the United States

This Philadelphia lawyer proved to be of great assistance to James Madison in gathering support for the Virginia plan at the Constitutional Convention.

James Wilson

Which of Hamilton's three financial proposals failed to pass Congress?

Report on Manufactures

The foremost man of letters in the United States, as well as the oldest delegate in Philadelphia, he played more of an adversarial role at the Constitutional Convention.

Bejamin Franklin

Slavery was addressed three times in the Constitution. What were the three provisions?

3/5th Compromise, Ending Atlantic Slave Trade, Creation of Fugitive Slave Law

This Anti-federalist stayed away from the Connotational Convention because he "smelled a rat."

Patrick Henry

What was the Federal Negative introduced by Madison at the Constitutional Convention?

A constitutional provision which would give Congress the authority to veto any law passed by a state legislature.

The Federalists (Federalist Papers) were authored by three men. Who were they and what was the pseudonym used by the three authors?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

Name the author of Federalist #10, arguing that the system of checks and balances inherent in the Constitution would preclude any one group from taking power at the expense of everyone else.

James Madison

This bill promised to remove the trade embargo against England or France, whichever nation first gave an assurance of free seas, while then directing a non-intercourse act against the other.

Macon's Bill #2

In his farewell address, this President argued against the use of entangling alliances, thereby creating the first principal of American foreign policy, one that held firm until the middle of the twentieth century.

George Washington

The author of the Connecticut Plan, this self-trained lawyer skilled at compromise.

Roger Sherman.

Peace of Paris, 1783

Recognized the states were their own colony from the Great lakes in the north to the north of Florida in the south. The west boundary was the Mississippi river. The British also agreed to remove their arms somewhat quickly.

Articles of Confederation

Weak and decentralized form of government because it was concerned with a form of centralized government with too much authority. "Advise and recommend, but not command" was their motto.

Confederation Economy

Confederation currency was worthless because the British refused to trade with them because of taxes and high tariffs. While England maintained their trade, America lost money because more money was leaving than coming in. Then the British wanted all goods to be traded on their ship which would cost more for the U.S. The states tried to help by taxing imports but then the ships would go to a different state. This led to the states disagreeing regarding intrastate commerce.

Adam Smith

In his "Wealth of the Nations" he denounces mercantilism by saying if one nation continues to exploit another then ultimately it will hurt itself.

Lord Shelburne

He argued if England doesn't back away from its current treatment towards the US then it will ultimately hurt its own economy.

John Baker Holroyd

AKA the Earl of Sheffield, in his "Observations on the Commerce of the American States," argued the British government doesn't owe the U.S. anything because we decided to leave. He also said it was pointless to try because our government was too weak.

Shay's Rebellion

When the Mass. Legislature became determined to pay off the large state debt by taxing the people harshly the people's resentment grew. Farmland was seized and sold when farmers couldn't pay. This led to a mob march on springfeild to stop the supreme court from meeting. After stopping the court meeting, they moved on to the Springfield arsenal but were stopped by militia units.

Daniel Shays

He fought at Bunker hill, Lexington-Concord, and Saratoga. He was a poor man and was frustrated by what Massachusetts was doing to pay off its debt. He would lead Shay's rebellion and when it collapsed, flee to Vermont.

Alexander Hamilton

He was a young lawyer who had served with George Washington who suggested the council meet up again to talk about revising the Articles.

Constitutional Convention

All the states except Rhode Island met at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia to discuss possible revision.

George Washington

Served as a chairman and presiding officer and did not participate in the debates at the Constitution Convention.

Benjamin Franklin

Served as a behind the scenes adviser to the younger delegates at the Constitutional Convention.

James Wilson

A Philadelphia lawyer and was the best-known attorney in the country. He played a big role getting others to join Madison at the Constitutional Convention

Roger Sherman

He was a self-taught lawyer who was very skilled in the art of compromise. This played a big role in the Constitutional Convention

John Adams

Served in London as ambassador to England.

Thomas Jefferson

Served in Paris as ambassador to France.

James Madison

He is known as the father of the US Constitution who was close with Thomas Jefferson. He was shy and had a squeaky voice making it even more impressive that he could pitch his Constitution at the Constitutional Convention.

Virginia Plan

This plan, written by James Madison, for the new constitution argued the Articles should be thrown out and rewritten. It called for the creation of a two-house congress (Senate and House of Representatives) as well as the creation of an executive branch the power to veto laws. It also called for a supreme court. It was inspired by Montesquieu and would provide a system of checks and balances.

New Jersey Plan

This plan, presented by William Paterson, called for the keeping of a single Congress and a dual executive with shared veto powers. It also wanted the ability to tax imported goods and regulate state commerce or business.

William Patterson

He presented the New Jersey Plan at the constitutional convention.

Connecticut Compromise

This was the compromise made by Roger Sherman between Madison and Paterson's plans. It took the idea of checks and balances, bicameral legislature, and the executive/judicial governments from the Virginia plan and the ability for federal government to tax imports and regulate intrastate commerce from the Connecticut plan.

Slavery in the Constitution

Slavery was addressed 3 times in the constitution.

3/5th Compromise

It claimed every 3 slaves would be counted for every 5 when figuring out how many representatives the Southern states would have in the House of Representatives.

Fugitive Slave Law

If a slave ran away and the owner knew where he/she went, he could call the police, and they would help bring them back. It was put in place as a way to try to prevent slaves from running away.

Atlantic Slave Trade

Some states didn't want the slave trade anymore, but they knew the Southern states would so they said people could just not participate in slave trade. In the constitution sun setting the Atlantic Slave Trade in 20 years, 1808.

Ratification

In order to get the new Constitution passed it had to go to the state's first. They could either agree with it or disagree. Some agreed fast while others had concerns.

Federalists v Antifederalists

The Federalists were those in favor of ratification and Antifederalists were those who were against Ratification.

The Federalists

A series of essays in the New York papers anonymously by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay. They explained the checks and balances were in place so no part of the government could be overpowered.

Hamilton, Madison, Jay

They wrote the Federalists papers and pitched the idea of ratifying the Constitution to the Antifederalists states.

Bill of Rights

In the final issue of the Constitution was its lack of regard for the individual rights of the people. This led to the creation of the first 10 amendments.

George Washington Establishing Precedents

He worked out a blueprint for how to set up the government without disrespecting the separation of powers.

Henry Knox

He was the Secretary of War.

Thomas Jefferson

He was the Secretary of State.

Alexander Hamilton

He was the Secretary of the Treasury.

Report on Public Credit

The "cornerstone of [Hamiliton's] economic plan" that wanted to reduce credit risk posed by the US to possible lenders.

Funding

The promise to fund the federal debt at face value. Only the present note holders would receive payment.

Assumption

The federal government's assumption of all individual state debt. A grant was given to the states in the amount they paid towards their dept

Report on Bank of United States

Hamilton wanted the federal government to establish a National Bank to serve as a fiscal agent for the nation, and Issue paper money. It would be established as a corporation to raise gold for their dollar. It was given a 20-year charter that was organized and sold stocks.

Report on Manufacturers

Hamilton proposed that the nation become a manufacturing nation to avoid being so dependent on oversees manufacturing countries. The plan was not passed at the time but would later be adopted by Henry Clay after the war of 1812.

Neutrality Proclamation

George Washington issued a warning to U. S. citizens not to aid either side in the European war. He wanted the government to be friendly and impartial to both sides. This led to American ships getting mixed up with the war.

The Genet Affair

This was when Citizen Edmond Charles went to America to get the American people to send guns with the French flag raised on the ships. Washington asked him to leave but he continued making his way through America. Once he got to Washington, he demanded that Washington honor their alliance of 1778, but Washington wanted to stay neutral and refused to aid the French. He also sought to have Charles removed. After his removement the attacks on American ships increased.

Citizen Edmond Charles Genet

He was a French diplomat sent to persuade Americans to send guns over on ships with the French flag raised. He asked for Washington to honor his alliance with France from 1778, but he was shut down and sent back home.

***Kentuck Resolution:

***Virginia Resolution:

Jay's Treaty

In an effort to get the British to stop attacking American ships and honor their claim of neutrality, Washington sent the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to London to work out an agreement. He got the British to accept their neutrality (no items identified as contraband could be sent to France) and pay for the damaged ships. However, the British would only allow them to trade with Asia but not the West Indies which was a loss for America. People weren't a fan of this treaty, but he couldn't get the British to budge. This treaty deeply insulted France.

Pinckney's Treaty

An agreement with Spain that would allow western farmers to ship their goods south using the Mississippi River. It also allowed for increased trade with Spain. It was sorted out by Thomas Pinckney.

Democratic Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, this party believed that government should be small and simple otherwise it might become corrupted by crowded cities and industrial towns. Madison served as the chief organizer and manager of this party.

Election of 1796

It was the Federalists party (John Adams & Thomas Pinckney) vs. The Democrats (Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr). Electors would be selected by the individual states to determine the Election. Hamilton disliked Adams and wanted to convince his supporters to vote for Pinckney but they withheld their support from Pinckney. Adams won and was elected president with Thomas Jefferson as Vice president.

XYZ Affair

When Charles Pinckney, John Marshal, and Elbridge Gerry went to Paris to negotiate a peace agreement. They waited three months before finally sitting down with three French agents (X, Y, and Z) who approached them with a deal. They wanted a bribe and a loan from America. Gerry stayed in France to try to work something out while Pinckney and Marshal when to spread the news to America.

Elbridge Gerry

He went to Paris to negotiate a peace agreement. When Adams and Pinckney went back to America, he stayed in France and tried to negotiate a deal with France, but they didn't want to negotiate.

John Adams

He was the second president of the US and was ruined by the xyz affair. He worked to set up a defense against the French attacks and

Quasi-War

The mini almost war that America had with France over the whole xyz affair.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Acts that were an attempt to scare the critics of the Federalist government into silence. Only 10 people were convicted. Jefferson believed these acts were unconstitutional and in

Convention of 1800

This was where the American and French diplomats worked out an agreement and avoided a war.

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Arron Burr ran on the Republican-Democrat party against Adams and Pinckney on the Federalists party. Hamilton believed Adams was unfit to be the President and tried to get Pinckney's voters to withhold their votes. This backfired with the Democrats winning the election. Jefferson and Burr tied and eventually Jefferson won the election. The 12th amendment was then added, and Jefferson held a grudge against Burr from this point forward.