The relationship between the people and the government
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National Level
- highest level in the US
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- In D.C
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- Makes and enforces laws for the entire country
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State Level
- makes and enforces laws for the people of their states
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Local Level
- makes laws for the people in their country, city, or town
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What 2 ways can government be catagorized?
- powerless people (authoritarian, totalitarian, autocracies)
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- Power to the people (popular soverignty)
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What are the two types of democracy?
- Direct (people vote firsthand on ALL issues)
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- Representative (people elect individuals to vote on issues *i.e. US Congress)
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Republic
representative government in which no leaders inherit office
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- government officials are elected or appointed
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What are the four types of Autocracy?
- Monarchy
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- Absolute monarchy
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- Limited/Constitutional Monarchy
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- Divine Right
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Monarchy
government with a hereditary ruler (handed down by birth)
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Absolute Monarchy
- a monarch had total and unlimited power (Saudi Arabia)
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Limited Constitutional Monarchy
a monarch that has limited power shared with elective representatives
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- Great Britian
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Divine Right
- The idea that monarchs felt they derived their power to rule from God
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Parliamentary System
- both executive (law enforcement) and legislative (law makers) functions reside in an elected assembly
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- Legislature is called a Parliament and the head of the gov is called the Prime Minister
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Dictatorship
- exercise complete control over the state and usually take power by force
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- Vladimir Putin & Kim Jong Un
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Totalitarianism
- government control extends to almost all aspects of people's lives
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- Ban all political opposition
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- regulate economy
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- take away individual freedoms
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- China, N. Korea, Uzbekistan, Belarus
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Oligarchy
- The power resides with a small group of people based on military power, social status, or wealth
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- Hereditary rule
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Current and Former:
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- Asia: China, N. Korea
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- Europe: G.B., Russia
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- Africa: South Africa
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- North America: Cuba
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Theocracy
- religious officials rule by religious law
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- Iran: Grand Ayatollah and Sharia Law
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- Vatican City: Catholic Church and Pope
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Amarchy
chaos, no laws or justice system, no economic stability
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Socialism
- the means of production should be owned and controlled by society, either directly or through the gov
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- Feel that wealth should be distributed equally among all citizens in a nation
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- Karl Marx encouraged violent revolution to end the separation of social classes
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Communism
- one class would evolve, property would be held in common, and there would be no need for gov
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- DOES NOT WORK (gov usually takes control of means of production)
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- Individuals cannot own their own land/business
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- Power maintained by military
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- China, Cuba, Laos, N. Korea, and Vietnam
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Attitudes that shape political bagavior
- Individualism
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- Equal opportunity
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- Free Enterprise
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- Rule of Law
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Individualsim
- belief in the fundamental worth and importance of the individual
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- rooted in the Enlightenment Philosophy
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- Encourages people to pursue their own best interest
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Equality of oppurtunity
- Emphasizes the equal rights of all people to pursue life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
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- Still argued whether everyone has equal access to equal oppurtunity
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Free Enterprise
- the role of the gov in the economy
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- Gov should take a laissez faire approach and an invisible hand guided by the interaction of producers and consumers (Adam Smith *The Wealth of Nations)
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- However, gov involvement has increased in the marketplace
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Rule of Law
- the principle the gov established that laws of the nation apply equally to all members of society and prevents the rule and whims of leaders who feel above the law
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- ensures stability and certainty
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Resposibilities
Thing we should do' they are obligations we fulfill voluntarily
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Duties
Thing that we must do
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Legal Duties
- obey laws
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- pay taxes
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- defend the nation (Men 18-25 are required to register for the draft)
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- Serve in court
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- Attend school till at least 16
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Civic Responsibilities
- be informed of current events
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- vote
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participate in community events
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- respect other's property, rights, and diversity
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- contribute to the common good
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Privileges of Citizens
- security
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- liberty
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- equality
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Security Rights
- protect us from a gov getting too strong
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- Article I denies certain powers to Congress
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- The Bill of Rights contains many limitations on gov powers
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Liberty Rights
- The gov protects our freedoms
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- 1st Amnd: speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
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Certain rights are given to accused person to protect your personal liberty unless proven guilty
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- right to an attorney, right to trial by jury
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Equality Rights
- Requires that all persons are treated the same
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- 14th Amnd is primary example because it requires all person to be given due process and equal protection
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What are the two ways to become a citizen?
- Native born and Naturalized
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Native Born
- If you are born anywhere in the US
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- If one or both of your parents are US citizens
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- Possible t have dual citizenship at birth
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Naturalized
immigrants who move to the US seeking to become citizens
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Naturalization Process
1) Declaration of Intent - you must file and official form declaring your intentions to become a US citizen
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2) Application
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3) Preliminary Hearing - background check (must have lived in US for 5 years and be 18 years old)
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4) Examination
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5) Final Hearing - Swear an Oath of Allegiance to the US
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Aliens
Non citizens who live in the US
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USCIS
US Citizenship and Immigration Services, gov agency
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Legal Aliens
- Aliens who legally enter the US to work or visit