Politcal Sciene: America Beginnings-1865

How is America retrenching and objecting power

• the US seems to be doing this as they are turning away from international reltions

• The US created NATO and the UN to advance these democratic insitions

• But somehow feel victimized still

Puritans

Wanted to purify and reform from within

What happens in the 1620 (puritans)

-saw how human nature impacted them

-people like Rodger Williams and Anne Hutcheerson spoke out against these ideologies

-made them scared they were stepping out of line

what was the Mayflower

The mayflower was a ship that set off in 1620s from Plymouth England with roughly 150 pilgrims, the pilgrims approached cape cod after 9 weeks after they set sail thinking they were in Virginia.

What was the motivation for the Mayflower/finding the ‘new world’

People like Bradford and Carver were annoyed with how the New England church was talking, and saw those teachings as corrupt. Becuase of this they wanted to escape religious persecution and build a new community in the new world

Who was the first person to signed the Mayflower

What was the mayflower compact

-Becuase members of the mayflower realized they werent going to Virginia and instead cape cod, they realized they would be operating outside the laws

-John Carver drew up the Mayflower compact agreeing to enter into a civil body politic to laws and rules for the gernal good of the colony

-promise to submit to God and these laws

What could the Mayflower impact be considered

The first constitution

Who was the first governer of Plymouth colony?

John Carver

Who was William Bradford

-Dutch republican

-second person to sign the Mayflower compact

-

John Winthrop

A puritan

-founding leader and first governer of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 - second biggest following Plymouth Colony

What happened on April 8 1630

-Ship (Arabella) sets sail for new world

• Arabella brought Winthrop to new world

Roger Williams

Was unhappy with Massachusetts (1636)

• saw them as not providing freedom for inddiuvals

• Accused the insititutions of simply turning their back on church/state → leading to a oppressive environments

• He was seen as a threat

• Kicked out and gos to Rhod island to establish a free colony

Thomas Hooker

• Not pleased with heavy handed leadership

• Moved to Hartford Connecticut, and left to establish a free colony where you can vote → spread of civic involment to those who may not be apart of the church

Anne Hutchinson

• very important becuase she was a woman

• Outspoken and very religious→ this did not please massauchuts bay

• She had meetings at home to discuss the bible, relgion, church, and subversive things

• Thought leadership in the colony had lost works

Why did Anne Hutchinson dislike the current state of the church and massachuits

• beleived the church and civil civil society were increasingly making subtle distinctions b/t those who were doing god works/not

• This is just like the old church

Who did Anne think she was speaking to/impact of this

• Anne thought she was speaking right to God

• If church leaders discover that people could have indivual reltionships with God they would go out of business

• She was put on trail and found guilty

Why was Anne Hutchinson significant

• women stood up saying men are wrong

• This time was very male dominated

• Violated the line between public and private matters

• Very powerful BECUASE SHE WAS A WOMEN

Why was the church scared that there was a decline in moralism - what did this result in?

• Decline in in religious fervour

• Only ½ of people in community had been baptized but didnt go all they way- this is bad because they were not full church memebe’s and the question of hat would happen to their kids occured

• Becuase of this the Halfway Convenant was introduced

What was also going on in the time of the halfway covenant

• following Carvers death (who had previously) made peace with the masasoit

• The allience was fraying as the Massasoit dies and son is displeased with pertain greed, and how the Native Americans were being impacted

What territory did Carver land in

Landed in territory of Wampanoag

What was the peace treaty between Carver and Massasoit consist of (2 things)

1. Mutual non-aggression

2. Make friends and indigenous could teach them (mutual alliance )

King Phillips War 1676→ holy war?

• Mossoit dies

• Metacom (king Philip)

• Happened becuase John Sassamon was killed

• A very violent blood bath

• Uprising of Wampanoag all restraint was abounded

• Pertain would take their hopes to send messages

• Though indigenous were sent by God to teach them a lesson

• Shook puritan faith

What was the 17th century view on relgion (Witch trails)

• concept of faith was mystical

• Very spiritual

• Everything was a message from God

What started happening between 1640-1660

• people were accused of witchcraft/doing work of the devil

• Dozens of people hung

• Vast majority were women

What does the witch trail symbolize for this era

• end of a dream to make a new world

• God has sent you a test and you have failed

Who is samual Paris

• The father of 9 year old Elizabeth and 11 year old cousin

• Important to note he also has a slave named Tijuana

• His family (daughters/Tijuana) were primarily responsible for kicking off the witch craze

How did the 1692 witch craze start

• Paris daughters and Tijuana would typically tell stories of spirits and mysticism

• One night they pulled out what we would consider a ouji board

• Samaul walked in and found his daughters talking to spirits

• Children started acting possessed and blamed it on Tijuana

• Tijuana later accuses sarah good and sarah Osborne

What’s the best way of getting out of a witch accusation

Accusing someone else

What happened to sarah good/Osborne

• Sarah Good she was hung and Osborne died before

Why was the witch craze so impactful

• everyone knew they had gone to far

• End of new world

Spectral evidence

• used to accuse people of witchcraft

• Circumstancal evidence cotton mother uses to justify witch craze

How does America see itself

As an enlightment country

• always sees themselves as supporting ideas and breaking free for true spirit of renisetence

Fatalism and Americas view

• beliefs that events are predetermined and we must accept the ways we are

• America thinks they control their destiny

• American revolution was unusual

• Controlling their politcal destiny but have been fighting since→ meant to liberate from British system but it now controls them

Originalism

• Shared text like the US Consitituion should be interpreted based on how it was understood at the time it was adopted

While on the Arabella what famous surname did Wintrop give

The City upon a hill

What was the City Upon a Hill About

• Describes Human condition upon Gods doing → used to justify disparities to test to see if they get why God did this

What was the first half of City Upon a Hill about

• looks at the law of nature, exploring why God made some people rich and others poor to foster a mutual dependence for community

What was the second part of the City Upon a Hill Suremon

• The second half elevates the colony’s mission from a standard legal community to a spiritual Convenant

• Idea of being ‘knit together’

Halfway Convenant (1662)

• becuase of the supposed decline of moralism

• This would allow ½ members children to be baptized

• Tried to keep community tied to the church and under moral discipline