110.3

Explain how the Coulter electronic impedence method counts and sizes cells

The number of pulses is proportional to the number of cells.

The amplitude of the pulse is proportional to the cell size.

Hydrodynamic focusing reduces chance of a cell being counted more than once

Explain how the Sysmex DC component of its DC/RF method counts and sizes cells.

The number of DC voltage change correlates to the cell count.

The amplitude of the DC voltage change corelates to the cells size.

Explain how the Sysmex RF component of its DC/RF method produces a WBC differential

The RF voltage changes yield nuclear complexity data and produces the WBC differential

What cell features are distinguished by forward light scatter in the Cell/Dyn and ADVIA hematology analyzer?

Size

Count

What cell features are distinguished by side light scatter in the Cell/Dyn and ADVIA hematology analyzer?

Granularity

What manufacturer was the first to use electrical impedence method?

Coulter

Which instrument uses a patented multiple angle light scatter (M.A.P.S.S.) to count, size and differentiate cells?

Cell Dyn

What cell population is counted by hematology analyzers after the cells are stained by a supravital stain, such as New Methylene Blue or Oxazine?

Reticulocytes

Describe how the patented Coulter VCS technology differentiates WBCs: V

Volumetric sizing by impedance to detect cell size/ numbers

Describe how the patented Coulter VCS technology differentiates WBCs: C

Conductivity: RF measurements to detect the internal cell content and complexity

Describe how the patented Coulter VCS technology differentiates WBCs: S

rotated laser light Scatter detects the internal cell granularity and density

Give the causes of the following abnormal WBC histograms: No valley between lymphs and monocytes.

Reactive lymphocytes and/or blasts

Give the causes of the following abnormal WBC histograms: Failure of a histogram at the far left to begin at/return to the baseline

Nucleated RBCs

Giant or clumped platelets

Abnormal hemoglobin

Give the causes of the following abnormal WBC histograms: No valley between monocytes and granulocytes.

An increase in bands, immature neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils

Give the causes of the following abnormal WBC histograms: Failure of a histogram to return to the baseline at the far right

High granulocyte count

What femtoliter (volume) range is included in the histogram of automated RBC?

35-360 fL

What femotliter (volume) range is included in a normal RBC histogram?

50-200 fL

To what RBC index does the RBC volume range correlate?

MCV

What does an increased RDW mean?

Anisocytosis

What is the femtoliter volume range of a normal platelet histogram?

2-20 fL

What is the normal MPV range?

7-11 fL

Give four causes of a false decrease in a patient's platelet count

Platelet satellitosis

Platelet clumping

Giant platelets

Micro RBCs

Give two causes of a false increase in a patient's platelet count.

RBC fragments

Fragments of leukocyte cytoplasm

How can a tech verify the presence of platelet clumps, platelet satellitism, giant platelets, platelet fragments and schistocytes?

Examination of peripheral blood smear

Answer these questions about abnormal Coulter scattergrams (scatterplots): Describe the location (quad/area) of immature neutrophils (granulocytes)

Top

Central

Answer these questions about abnormal Coulter scattergrams (scatterplots): Describe the location (quad/area) of immature lymphs

Bottom left of the Lymphocyte square

Answer these questions about abnormal Coulter scattergrams (scatterplots): Describe the location of suspected giant platelets (quad/area)

Bottom

Middle

Answer these questions about abnormal Coulter scattergrams (scatterplots): Describe the location of suspected platelet clumps (quad/area)

Bottom

Right

Answer these questions about abnormal Coulter scattergrams (scatterplots): Describe the location of suspected nucleated red blood cells (quad/area)

Bottom

Left

On a Coulter scatterplot, what would be the appearance of: Increased numbers of normal lymphocytes?

Increased spread in the Lymphocyte section

(Bottom MIddle/Left, between Monocytes and very bottom section)

On a Coulter scatterplot, what would be the appearance of: Increased numbers of normal neutrophils (granulocyte)?

Increased spread in the Neutrophil section

(Top Middle, between Monocyte and Eosinophil sections)

On a Coulter scatterplot, what would be the appearance of: Increased numbers of monocytes?

Increased spread in the Monocyte square

(Top Left, very top left)