Oxidation and Reduction Vocabulary

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Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and definitions from the Oxidation and Reduction lecture notes.

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17 Terms

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Decomposition reaction

A reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Example: CuCO3 heated yields CuO + CO2.

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Precipitation reaction

A reaction in which dissolved substances react to form one or more solid products. Example: AgNO3 + NaCl yields AgCl + NaNO3.

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Acid-base reaction

A reaction involving the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants. Example: HCl + NaOH yields H2O + NaCl.

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Oxidation-reduction reaction (Redox reaction)

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between chemical species, resulting in changes in oxidation states.

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Oxidation

The loss of electrons by a species in a chemical reaction.

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Reduction

The gain of electrons by a species in a chemical reaction.

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Oxidizing Agent

A species that causes oxidation by accepting electrons and is itself reduced in the process.

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Reducing Agent

A species that causes reduction by donating electrons and is itself oxidized in the process.

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Oxidation Number

An arbitrary charge assigned to an atom in a molecule or ion based on a set of rules.

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Standard Reduction Potential

A measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, expressed in volts (V).

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Electrochemical Cell

A device that uses a chemical reaction to generate electricity (galvanic cell) or uses electricity to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction (electrolytic cell).

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Electrolytic Cell

A cell which uses electricity to produce chemical change.

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Commercial Cells (Batteries)

Devices which store chemical energy which can be transformed by oxidation-reduction reactions into electrical energy.

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Primary Cells

Cells which may only be discharged and discarded after being used only once.

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Secondary Cells

Cells which may be recharged many times.

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Fuel Cells

Cells in which a continuous voltage is generated by a constant flow of reactants.

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Corrosion

An oxidation-reduction process that involves a metal and oxygen and possibly water.