fuckass long thing

Paleo → Neolithic change (I DO GAF

Paleo: mobile hunter-gatherers, small groups, simple stone tools, more equal

Neolithic: settled villages, farming, surplus food → specialization, social classes, inequality, more disease

Main cause: climate change + domestication of plants/animals

mobile hunter-gatherers, small bands, stone tools that evolved from Oldowan to Mousterian, animism, relatively egalitarian. Neolithic: settled farming villages, food surplus → specialization and social hierarchy, permanent homes, rise of inequality/disease, larger populations, cultural complexity. Climate change and gradual domestication of plants/animals drove the shift.

Pros & Cons of farming (I DO GAF

Pros: reliable food, surplus, specialization, bigger societies, writing, culture

Cons: harder work, worse health, more disease, inequality, less freedom/mobility

reliable food, surplus enabling specialization and complex societies, cultural exchange, writing, monuments. Negative: more labor, poorer health/diets, disease from animals and density, inequality, conflict, loss of leisure and mobility. Farming was not always a deliberate choice and spread unevenly.

Compare two river valleys (Sumer vs Egypt) (IDFK

Sumer: city-states + lugals, polytheistic (ziggurats), classes (priests → free people → slaves)

•  Egypt: one strong pharaoh (seen as a god), polytheistic (afterlife focus), very hierarchical

•  Both: writing + depended on rivers

How empires controlled people (IDGAF

Assyrians: force, terror, moved people around, stole religious stuff

•  Persians: satrapies (governors), roads, religious tolerance, Immortals

•  Egypt: pharaoh as god + strong central control

Why Hebrew history is hard to verify (IDGAF

Almost everything comes only from the Hebrew Bible

•  Very little archaeological proof for big events (especially the Exodus)

•  The Bible was written/edited over a long time for religious reasons, not as a pure history book