1-Ch18-Blood I-intro, cells(1) (1) blood powerpoint 1

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

The major components include the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

What is the primary function of blood in the body?

Blood acts as a transport vehicle for substances, regulates nutrients and gases, and helps protect the body.

What is blood composed of?

Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

How does blood help in the distribution of nutrients?

Blood carries nutrients from the digestive tract to all body tissues.

What is the pH range of blood?

The pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.

What are erythrocytes?

Erythrocytes are red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.

What is hematopoiesis?

Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells within the bone marrow.

What are leukocytes?

Leukocytes are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune response.

What is the primary function of platelets?

Platelets are involved in hemostasis, helping to stop bleeding during clotting.

What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body.

How is blood volume regulated in the body?

Hormonal negative feedback systems maintain constant blood volume and osmotic pressure.

What characterizes the physical characteristics of blood?

Blood is thicker than water, has a temperature of about 100.4°F, and constitutes about 8% of total body weight.

What techniques are commonly used for blood sampling?

Venipuncture and finger or heel stick are common techniques.

What is the main function of plasma proteins?

Plasma proteins help maintain osmotic pressure, transport substances, and play roles in immunity.

What is the largest component of blood plasma?

Water, making up over 90% of plasma.

What condition is characterized by an inherited deficiency of clotting factors?

Hemophilia.

What are the three types of formed elements in blood?

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

Red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days.

What is leukopenia?

Leukopenia is a low white blood cell count.

What causes sickle cell anemia?

A recessive genetic defect in the hemoglobin molecule that affects red blood cells.

What role do antibodies play in the blood?

Antibodies neutralize toxins and help destroy pathogens.

What is the regenerative function of blood capillaries?

Blood capillaries regulate fluid distribution by absorbing or giving off fluid under different conditions.

What is the role of interstitial fluid?

Interstitial fluid bathes the cells of the body and facilitates the exchange of nutrients and wastes.

What are the risks associated with blood doping?

Blood doping can increase blood viscosity, forcing the heart to work harder, which is dangerous.

What is the primary role of white blood cells (WBCs)?

White blood cells defend against disease and infection.

What is the function of neutrophils?

Neutrophils are the fastest responders to bacterial infections.

What is polycythemia?

Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an excess of red blood cells.

What process is described as the formation of blood cells?

Hematopoiesis.

What do white blood cells do during diapedesis?

They slip out of capillaries to combat infections.

What hormones regulate the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin (EPO) regulates RBC production.

What are the signs of anemia?

Anemia is characterized by low oxygen-carrying capacity, not enough red blood cells, or low hemoglobin content.

What type of solution is blood considered to be?

Blood is a connective tissue.

What do the globin chains in hemoglobin do?

The globin chains transport respiratory gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What causes the yellow pigment bilirubin to be formed?

Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells.

What is the significance of a Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

A CBC is a test that screens for anemia and various infections.

What is the composition of blood plasma?

Blood plasma is composed mainly of water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products.

What are the effects of excessive blood viscosity due to blood doping?

Excessive blood viscosity can lead to increased strain on the heart and potential cardiovascular complications.

What is the term for the condition when blood oxygen levels are too low?

Anemia.

What are the typical functions of stem cells in hematopoiesis?

Stem cells in hematopoiesis produce all types of blood cells.

What role do macrophages play in the life cycle of red blood cells?

Macrophages in the liver and spleen recycle red blood cells and break down their components.

What is hemostasis?

Hemostasis is the process that prevents and stops bleeding.

What characterizes the two types of leukocytes?

Leukocytes are characterized as granular (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) or agranular (monocytes, lymphocytes).

What dietary components are required for red blood cell production?

Amino acids, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C, and copper.

What is the primary function of lymphocytes in the immune response?

Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, destroy cancer cells and cells infected by viruses.

What disorder is associated with the uncontrolled production of immature leukocytes?

Acute leukemia.

How does the body maintain blood volume homeostasis?

Through hormonal negative feedback systems.

How are red blood cells shaped to facilitate their function?

Red blood cells are shaped as biconcave disks, allowing for increased surface area and flexibility.

What is the normal white blood cell count?

A normal white blood cell count is typically between 4,500 and 11,000 cells per microliter.

What is the role of fibrinogen in blood?

Fibrinogen is essential for blood clotting.