IPS1: Dosage Form — Modified Release/TDDS/Semi-solid/Suppositories

Proverbs 16:3

D. all

Methods utilized to achieve controlled drug release from solid dosage forms

A. Ion exchange resin

B. Coated beads or granules

C. Complex formation

D. all

D. Delayed-action

To what type of modified release formulation enteric coated tablet belongs?

A. Sustained-action

B. Controlled-release

C. Extended-action

D. Delayed-action

E. Decrease patient compliance

Advantages of controlled release drug dosage forms are:

A. none

B. Deceased dosage frequency

C. Extended daytime and night time activity of the drug

D. Reduced incidence of side effects

E. Decrease patient compliance

E. Extended-release

This type of dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency to that presented by a conventional dosage

A. Delayed-release

B. Modified-release form

C. Repeat Action

D. Targeted Release

E. Extended-release

B. I, II and III

Which of the following statements hold true for extended-release dosage forms?

I. There is reduction in drug blood level fluctuation

II. There is frequency reduction in dosing

III. There is reduction in terms of adverse effects

A. I only

B. I, II and III

C. I and II

D. I and III

C. I, II, and III are correct

Microencapsulation is;

I. A process by which solids, liquids, or even gases maybe encapsulated into microscopic size

II. The technology employed in Micro-K Extencaps

III. Formed by applying a thin coating of "wall" material around the substance being encapsulated

A. I and II are correct

B. Only I is correct

C. I, II, and III are correct

D. I and III are correct

A. Gelatin

The most common "wall" forming material used in microencapsulation is;

A. Gelatin

B. sorbitol

C. Dextrose

D. Lactose

C. I and II are correct

Correct statements about repeat-action tablets include;

I. The tablet may be prepared with immediate-release dose in the tablet's outer shell

II. The tablet's second dose is in the inner core

III. An example of this type of product is the GITS

A. I, II, and III are correct

B. Only I is correct

C. I and II are correct

D. I and III are correct

A. II and III are correct

In preparing extended-release product by embedding drug in inert plastic matrix ;

I. The drug is granulated with an inert plastic material such hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

II. The granulated drug is compressed into tablet

III. The inert tablet matrix, expended of drug, is excreted with the feces

A. II and III are correct

B. I, II, and III are correct

C. Only III is correct

D. I and III are correct

D. both

In ion-exchange resin technology of extended-release formulations, the release of the drug from the complex is;

A. none

B. Dependent upon the pH of the GIT

C. Dependent upon the electrolyte concentration of the GIT

D. both

D. I and II are correct

Implants are;

I. Inserted under the skin by special injectors or by surgical incisions

II. Designed to provide long-term drug therapy through the slow release of medication

III. Examples of transdermal drug delivery system

A. I, II, and III are correct

B. I and III are correct

C. Only I is correct

D. I and II are correct

A. Transdermal Scopolamine

A TDDS used to prevent travel related motion sickness is;

A. Transdermal Scopolamine

B. Transdermal Nicotine

C. Transdermal Clonidine

D. Transdermal Estradiol

D. I, II, and III are correct

Transdermal Drug delivery Systems (TDDS);

I. Facilitate the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substances through the skin into the systemic circulation

II. Often called "transdermal patches"

III. Avoid first-pass effect

A. I and II are correct

B. I and III are correct

C. Only I is correct

D. I, II, and III are correct

C. I only

Advantages of Transdermal Drug Delivery System include:

I. Avoids GI drug absorption incompatibilities

II. Avoids the occurrence of contact dermatitis

III. Drug therapy cannot be terminated rapidly

A. I and III

B. II and III

C. I only

D. III only

E. I, II, III

B. High aqueous solubility of the drug (Lipid and water soluble )

All of the following factors predict favorable transdermal drug absorption for systemic therapy EXCEPT:

A. Full hydration of the stratum corneum

B. High aqueous solubility of the drug

C. a high partition coefficient of the drug

D. Molecular weight of 100 to 400

B. ethylene- vinyl acetate

Which of the following polymers in a membrane ingredient in several TDDS products?

A. Cellulose acetate phthalate

B. ethylene- vinyl acetate

C. glyceryl polymethacrylate

D. polyvinyl chloride

D. dimethyl sulfoxide

Substances that increase percutaneous absorption

A. nonxynol 9

B. agar

C. olive oil

D. dimethyl sulfoxide

B. all

Percutaneous absorption in TDDS increases with ___

A. surface area

B. all

C. amount of drug

D. amount of rubbing

B. microporous membrane

The part of the transdermal drug delivery system which controls the release of the drug is the ____

A. adhesive paper

B. microporous membrane

C. protective peel

D. strip drug reserviour

B. II and III are correct

Spansule capsule is;

I. An example of extended-release product Prepared by embedding drug in a slowly eroding hydrophilic matrix system

II. A capsule containing beads of different coating thickness

III. A half-colored, half-transparent hard gelatin capsule containing colored beads or granules

A. I, II, and III are correct

B. II and III are correct

C. I and III are correct

D. Only III is correct

E. none

The following should be observed in the use of oral modified release dosage forms EXCEPT

A. Nonerodible plastic matrix shells and osmotic tablets remain intact throughout GI transit and empty shell or from osmotic tablets may be seen in stool

B. Patients being fed by enteral nutrition through a nasogastric feeding tube should not receive this type of drug

C. These products should not be crushed or chewed

D. all

E. none

D. Repetab is a delayed-release tablet

The following statements are correct, EXCEPT:

A. Transdermal patches are controlled-release products.

B. Only potent drugs are suitable candidate for transdermal delivery.

C. Sustained-release parenteral systems are commonly administered by intramuscular injection.

D. Repetab is a delayed-release tablet

A. Ointment

Medicated or non medicated semisolid preparations intended for external application

A. Ointment

B. Liniment

C. Lotion

D. All

B. Lanolin (absorption)

The following are example of oleaginous bases except

A. None

B. Lanolin

C. All

D. Yellow Ointment

E. Petrolatum USP

E. II only

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

I. Vanishing cream is a W/O emulsion containing small amounts of water

II. Creams find primary application in topical skin products and in products used rectally and vaginally

III. Ointments are preferred more by patients due to ease of spreadability

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. I only

D. I, II, III

E. II only

C. All of the above

Package for ointments and other semisolid preparations.

A. Well-closed container

B. Metal tubes

C. All of the above

D. Large-mouth jars

E. Plastic tubes

A. Also known as Yellow Petrolatum

Petrolatum, USP is;

A. Also known as Yellow Petrolatum

B. Also known as White Vaseline

C. Water-washable

D. Purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from petroleum that has been wholly or nearly decolorized

E. Water-soluble

D. Plasters

These are solid or semi-solid adhesive masses spread upon a backing material of paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic

A. Paste

B. Lotion

C. Creams

D. Plasters

A. Poultice

A viscous preparation intended for warm, external application to a body surface is;

A. Poultice

B. Glycerogelatin

C. Glycerite

D. Ointment

D. 10%

How many percent of ZnO is contained in Zinc glycerogelatin?

A. 35%

B. 5%

C. 15%

D. 10%

E. 40%

A. I and III

Correct statements about medicated application include:

I. Yellow ointment is an example of Hydrocarbon Base

II. Cold cream is an O/W cream

III. Pastes are less greasy and more absorptive than ointments

A. I and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. III only

A. Fusion method

The method of preparing ointment employed if solids of high melting point such as waxes are to be incorporated.

A. Fusion method

B. Mechanical mixing

C. Extraction

D. Levigation

A. Easier to spread and remove

The following are advantages of pastes over ointments EXCEPT

A. Easier to spread and remove

B. More absorptive

C. Preferred for oozing lesions

D. Less greasy

E. Water-removable base

Ointment bases that resemble cream in appearance

A. Water-soluble base

B. Absorption base

C. Hydrocarbon base

D. Oleaginous base

E. Water-removable base

D. I and III

The presence of petrolatum-like bases render ointments;

I. Occlusive

II. water-washable

III. Greasy

A. II and III

B. I, II and III

C. I and II

D. I and III

A. Corn plaster is also known as Chili plaster

All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT

A. Corn plaster is also known as Chili plaster

B. Paraffin dressing is an air-excluding, soft, pliable, analgesic, splint -like covering for surfaces denuded by wound

C. Liquid petrolatum is used as levigating agent if solid substances are to be incorporated into hydrocarbon bases

D. Cataplasms should be warmed before application and applied with a piece of cloth

B. I, II and III

TRUE statements regarding ointments;

I. Semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes

II. Medicated or nonmedicated

III. Nonmedicated ointments are used as protectants, emollients or lubricants

A. I and III

B. I, II and III

C. II and III

D. I only

E. I and II

B. Cataplasms

Poultices are known as;

A. Cements

B. Cataplasms

C. Creams

D. Cerates

B. Water-soluble base

Referred to as "greaseless" base;

A. Water-removable base

B. Water-soluble base

C. Absorption base

D. Hydrocarbon base

C. All

Medicated gels may be administered into the;

A. vagina and rectum

B. eye

C. All

D. nose

E. skin

C. Ophthalmic Ointment

Type of Ointment that must meet sterility test and requirements for metal particles.

A. Nasal Ointment

B. Vaginal Ointment

C. Ophthalmic Ointment

D. Rectal Ointment

D. I, II and III

Ophthalmic Ointments and Gels;

I. Must be packaged in collapsible ointment tubes having elongated narrow tip

II. Sterile preparation

III. Ointment bases should have a softening point close to body temperature, both for comfort and for drug release

A. I and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. I, II and III

B. white ointment

Aqueous solutions can be directly incorporated into all of the following ointment bases EXCEPT

A. aquaphor

B. white ointment

C. polysorb

D. lanolin

E. unibase

B. Carbowax

Polyethylene glycol polymers used as ointment vehicles are called ____ ?

A. Sodium alginate

B. Carbowax

C. Silicones

D. Veegums

B. cream

A semisolid emulsion either w/o or o/w type

A. lotion

B. cream

C. pastes

D. all

B. Fusion

Ointments containing wax, spermaceti or any hard fusible materials may be prepared by:

A. Incorporation by levigation

B. Fusion

C. Compression

D. Hand rolling

E. I and II

The following statement/s is / are TRUE:

I. The dose of the drug administered rectally may be greater than or less than the dose of the same drug given orally

II A rectum is void offers greater absorption than a rectum distended with fecal matter

III Lymphatic circulation is not involved in the absorption of rectally administered drug

A. I, II and III

B. II only

C. I only

D. I and III

E. I and II

D. refrigerated suppositories should be inserted immediately upon removal from the refrigerator

Pharmacist patient counseling points for proper use of rectal suppositories includes all of the following EXCEPT

A. rub cocoa butter suppositories gently with a finger to melt their surface before insertion

B. when the patient is instructed to use a half suppository, the suppository should be sliced lengthwise

C. before insertion, PEG and glycerinated gelatin suppositories should be moistened with water

D. refrigerated suppositories should be inserted immediately upon removal from the refrigerator

B. I & II

Suppositories;

I.Are solid dosage forms of various weights and shapes, usually medicated, for insertion into the rectum, vagina or urethra.

II.Soften, melt, disperse or dissolve in the cavity fluids after insertion

III. Are intended to exert local effects only

A. I, II, & III

B. I & II

C. I only

D. III only

D. I & III

Rectal suppositories:

I. Pediatric suppositories are more narrow and pencil-shaped than the typical bullet-shaped adult suppository

II. Suppositories intended for females are about half the length and weight of the male counterpart.

III. Have both local and systemic effects

A. III only

B. I, II, & III

C. I only

D. I & III

E. I & II

D. I & II

Rectal absorption is affected by both physiologic and physicochemical factors. Physiologic factors would include:

I. pH and lack of buffering capacity

II. Colonic contents

III. Lipid-water solubility

A. III only

B. I, II, III

C. I only

D. I & II

E. II & III

A. 20 to 25°C

Glycerinated gelatin suppositories are preferably stored at what temperature?

A. 20 to 25°C

B. 37°C

C. below 30°C

D. below 35°F

B. urethral suppository

A type of suppository that is slender and pencil shaped.

A. rectal suppository

B. urethral suppository

C. vaginal suppository

D. pessary

D. Fattibase

A commercially available suppository base derived from palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils with self emulsifying glyceryl monostearate and polyoxyl stearate

A. Carbowax

B. Aquaphor

C. Tweens

D. Fattibase

A. beeswax

Cocoa butter is softened due to the addition of certain drugs, which of the following can be added as a solidifying agent?

A. beeswax

B. gelatin

C. white petrolatum

D. paraffin

C. I and III

TRUE statements about PEG-based suppositories include;

I. Stored at room temperature

II .Leaks from the orifice

III. It dissolves in the body fluid to release the active drug

A. II and III

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. I only

E. I, II, and III

B. Lauric acid

Witepsol bases contain natural saturated fatty acid chains between C-12 and C-18. Which of the following fatty acids is its major component?

A. Oleic acid

B. Lauric acid

C. Palmitic acid

D. Stearic acid

E. Myristic acid

B. Molding from a melt

The most frequently employed method in the preparation of suppositories both on small scale and on industrial scale is:

A. Hand Shaping

B. Molding from a melt

C. Hand Rolling

D. Compression

E. Mineral oil

In preparing glycerinated gelatin based suppositories, which substance is most likely to be used to lubricate the mold?

A. Propylene glycol

B. Cetyl alcohol

C. Stearic acid

D. Magnesium silicate

E. Mineral oil

D. I, II, & III

The packing and storage of the suppositories is very important to prevent the environment and moisture-induced deterioration or loss of activity. The guidelines for packing and storage should include:

I.) Suppositories from cocoa butter base are usually individually wrapped or otherwise separated in compartmentalized boxes.

II.) Suppositories from cocoa butter base must be stored below 30ºC preferably in a refrigerator.

III.) Suppositories from PEG bases may be stored at usual room temperatures without the requirement for refrigeration.

A. III only

B. II & III

C. I only

D. I, II, & III

E. I & III

E. I, II, & III

In choosing the suppository base, one needs to assess if:

I. The base remains solid at room temperature but softens, melts or dissolved readily at body temperature

II. The active ingredients would be released more readily from base

III. The base is compatible with the other components in all aspects

A. III only

B. I only

C. II & III

D. I & III

E. I, II, & III

D. Urethral suppositories

Bougies are;___?

A. Vaginal suppositories

B. Ear cones

C. Rectal suppositories

D. Urethral suppositories

A. Fatty base

Glyceryl monopalmitate is an example of this type of suppository base.

A. Fatty base

B. Water-miscible base

C. Miscellaneous base

D. Water-soluble base

E. Absorption base

E. Coconut oil

Wecobee bases are derived from;

A. Almond

B. Mineral oil

C. Theobroma oil

D. Olive oil

E. Coconut oil

E. Glycerinated gelatin

This suppository base is the most frequently used for vaginal suppositories

A. PEG

B. Polyoxyl 40 stearate

C. Wecobee base

D. Cocoa butter

E. Glycerinated gelatin

E. Miscellaneous base

This type of suppository base includes mixtures of fatty and water-soluble bases.

A. Water-soluble base

B. Water-miscible base

C. Absorption base

D. Fatty base

E. Miscellaneous base

D. The release and absorption of drug is predictable

Characteristics of rectal drug administration includes all of the following EXCEPT

A. Neutral pH of colon fluids lessens possible drug inactivation by stomach acidity

B. drugs may avoid first pass hepatic inactivation

C. Drugs intended for systemic activity can be determined

D. The release and absorption of drug is predictable

E. Irritating drugs have less effect on the rectum than on the stomach

C. I AND II

Cocoa butter

I. Exhibits marked polymorphism

II. Phenol and chloral hydrate have a tendency to lower its melting point

III. Is a water soluble or water miscible base

A. I only

B. I, II AND III

C. I AND II

D. III only .

E. II AND III

B. Sodium stearate

Glycerin suppositories are solidified by the use of:

A. Stearic acid

B. Sodium stearate

C. Glycerol triacetate

D. Beeswax

B. PVP

One of the following is not a suppository base

A. Glycerinated gelatin

B. PVP

C. Theobroma oil

D. Hydrogenated vegetable oil

C. Enteral and systemic

A rectal suppository is used to treat a fever. This would represent what type of drug delivery?

A. Parenteral and systemic

B. Parenteral and local

C. Enteral and systemic

D. Enteral and local