Muscle Types, Structure, and Contraction Mechanics: A Comprehensive Review

What type(s) of muscle are under voluntary control?

a.) Skeletal muscle

What types of muscle are striated in appearance?

c.) Cardiac and skeletal

What type(s) of muscle contain multiple nuclei in each cell?

a.) Skeletal muscle

What type(s) of muscle lines internal organs?

b.) Smooth muscle

What type(s) of muscle are connected to bone?

a.) Skeletal muscle

What type(s) of muscle controls the flow of blood in blood vessels?

d.) All of the above

What is the name of thick filaments found in muscle fibers?

b.) Myosin

What is the name of thin filaments found in muscle fibers?

a.) Actin

Muscle contractions that generate tension without changing the length of muscles are known as:

b.) Isometric contractions

What factor(s) are required for muscle growth?

d.) All of the above

Where are your biceps and triceps located?

a.) Arms

Where are the pectoral major muscles located?

c.) Torso

What type of muscle is not primarily controlled by the brain?

c.) Cardiac muscle

What connects muscle to bone?

a.) Tendons

Which of the following organs is not surrounded by smooth muscle?

d.) Heart

What is the name for the smallest unit that make up muscle?

c.) Myofilaments

What is the name for rapid, sporadic muscle contractions?

c.) Phasic contractions

What is the name for slow, prolonged muscle contractions?,

a.) Tonic contractions

Where do calcium ions bind during muscle contraction?

b.) Troponin

Where are calcium ions stored when muscles are relaxed?

d.) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What blocks the myosin binding site on actin filaments during relaxation?

c.) Tropomyosin

What is bound to myosin heads when they bind actin filaments?

a.) ADP + Pi

What change on the myosin heads causes the power stroke?

a.) The removal of ADP + Pi

What change causes the myosin heads to release from actin filaments?

b.) The addition of ATP

What change causes the myosin heads to become spring loaded to bind to actin filaments?

c.) The hydrolysis of ATP

What is the name for the area of thin filaments where no thick filaments overlap within a sarcomere?

b.) I band

What is the name for the area of thick filaments within a sarcomere?

a.) A band

What is the name for the area of thick filaments where no thin filaments overlap?

c.) H zone

Which of the following become smaller when a muscle contracts?

c.) I band and H zone

When muscles contract, the length of which structure remains constant?

a.) A band

Smooth muscle is under voluntary control.

False - involuntary (or Skeletal)

Skeletal muscle lines the body's blood vessels.

False - Smooth

When muscles contract the sarcomere lengthens.

False - shortens

The thin filaments that make up a sarcomere are actin.

True

Isometric muscle contractions cause a change in muscle length.

False - Isotonic (or "do not cause")

Reaching up to a high shelf is an example of an eccentric contraction.

False - concentric

During strenuous exercise you are tearing your muscle fibers.

True

Rest and nutrition are required for muscle growth.

True

Tonic muscle contractions are slow, prolonged contractions.

True

The removal of ADP + Pi from myosin heads causes the power stroke.

True

Your deltoid muscles are found in your legs.

False - shoulders

Muscle fiber bundles are wrapped in endomysium.

False - peromysium

Muscle contractions occur when myosin heads walk along actin filaments.

True

Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin during muscle contraction.

False - troponin