Zoology - Reproduction VOCAB

Sexual Reproduction

Two parents who contribute germ cells (gametes or sex cells) that develop into a new individual after fertilization

Asexual Reproduction

One parent without reproductive organs/cells that create genetically identical copies of itself

Clone

All descendants derived by asexual reproduction

Monoecious

Having both male and female gonads in the same organism; the typical condition of the species (Plants)

Dioecious

Having male and female gonads in separate individuals

XY System

The sex of an offspring is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes; X from the mother and either X or Y from the father

ZW System

The sex of an offspring is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes; Z from the father and either Z or W from the mother

Haploid

One set of chromosomes (n)

Diploid

Two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Haplodiploidy

Reproduction which haploid males are produced parthenogenetically and diploid females are from fertilized eggs

Parthenogenesis

Offspring produced without male fertilization

Hermaphrodites

An organism with male and female reproductive organs

Sequential Hermaphroditism

When an organism's sex changes during its life

Gonads

An organ that produces gametes

Gametes

Reproductive/sex cells

Gametogenesis

Where haploid or diploid cells undergo cell division to produce haploid gametes (production of sex cells)

Germ Cells

Cells that mature and develop into a gametes

Spermatogenesis

Formation, development, and maturation of sperm

Spermatogonia

Beginning of sperm development (multiplied diploid cells)

Primary Spermatocyte

Larger, more developed spermatogonium (1)

Secondary Spermatocyte

Meiotic division of primary spermatocytes (2)

Spermatid

Meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes (4)

Spermatozoa

Developed spermatids (no further divisions)

Sertoli Cells

Located in the testes and facilitates the process of spermatogenesis

Testes

Male sex glands that produce sperm

Seminiferous Tubules

1. Part of the testes where sperm is produced

Epididymis

2. Part of the testes that helps sperm mature

Vas Deferens

Part of the testes that carries sperm out of the epididymis/testes

Acrosome

Organelle at the head of a sperm and allows it to penetrate the ovum

Oogenesis

Formation, development, and maturation of ovum

Oogonia

Early development of ovum in the ovary

Primary Oocyte

Larger, more developed oogonia

Secondary Oocyte

One of two uneven cells after division that is larger and receives most of the cytoplasm

First Polar Body

The other half of the division that's smaller and nonfunctional

Ootid

Meiotic division of secondary oocytes

Ovum

Developed ootids (no further divisions)

Ovary

Female reproductive system that produces ova

Follicle

Small sacs filled with fluid found inside a women's ovaries

Corpus Luteum

Forms in the ovary each menstrual cycle and produces hormones

Fimbriae

Direct newly released eggs from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes

Oviduct

Tubes that transport ovum from the ovary to uterus (Fallopian tubes)

Ovulation

Process when a mature egg is released from the ovary during the menstrual cycle

Cloaca

Posterior chamber of digestive tract, receiving focus and urogenital products

Fission

Asexual reproduction by a division of the body into 2+ parts

Budding

Reproduction where the offspring arises as an outgrowth from the parent; failure to separate = colony formation

Fragmentation

Type of asexual reproduction (propagation) where a part of the parent breaks off and generates/develops into an identical individual

Regeneration

Process of replacing or restoring damaged/missing cells