slhs 512

Weak syllable deletion, reduplication, final consonant deletion, cluster reduction, cluster simplification

ASHA suggest that these processes are typically eliminated between 3-5 years of age

Fronting, stopping, deaffrication, gliding of liquids, consonant cluster simplification, fricative simplification

ASHA suggests that majority of substitution processes are eliminated between 3-4 years of age (i.e stopping and fronting) with gliding and substitution of affricates eliminated by age 5 and 6

Assimilation process

ASHA suggest these processes are eliminated by age 3 

Organic speech sound disorders

Known cause (SSD)

Function speech sound disorders

no cause (SSD)

True Macroglossia

tongue is larger than expected (Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome)

Relative Macroglossia

normal sized tongue is too big for the small oral cavity (Down Syndrome)

Otitis media hearing difficulty

Fricative sounds like /f/, /s/ and /th/ have high frequencies that are hard to pick up if you have hearing loss

Dysarthria

Muscle weakness, consistent error consistancy, trial and error is uncommon

CAS

Motor planning/programming, inconsistent error consistency, trial and error is common

Articulation disorders

focus on errors in production of INDIVIDUAL speech sounds —> /s/, /r/, /th/

Phonological Disorders

Focus on predictable, rule-based errors that effect the ENTIRE classes of sounds

Risk Factors for SLD

Males, Pre and perinatal problems, oral sucking habits, ear/nose/throat problems, family history, low socioeconomic status, lack of support for learning

SSD Assessment (90 minutes assessment)

Collect background info, aqauire a language sample, assessment receptive language skills, assessment of articulation and phonology, oral structure, hearing screening

Start of assessment

Referral and background info

Case history: Demographic info, areas of concern, communication history, hearing history, birth history, developmental history, eating and feeding, child interests, family preferences

Purpose of assessment

Description of areas of strength, difficulty, childs daily functioning, diagnosis, intervention planning, outcome measurement

sound isolation

• What is the first sound in tool? /t/; what is the last sound in tool? /l/; What is the middle sound in tool? /u/

Phoneme identity

• WHat sound is the same in: fan, fun, fill? /f/

Phoneme categorization

Which word doesn't belong: soup, sun, fish? Fish

Oral blending

• Can you tell me what word these sounds make when you put them together? /f/ /i/ /t/. Feet

Oral segmentation

• Tell me the sounds in the words car. /k/ /a/ /r/

Phoneme deletion

• What word is stop without the /s/? Top

Phoneme addition

What word do you get if you add /b/ to red? Bread

Phoneme substitution

• The word is cat. Now change the /k/ to /m/. What is the new word? Mat